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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">sechenov</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Sechenov Medical Journal</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Сеченовский вестник</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2218-7332</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2658-3348</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Сеченовский Университет</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.47093/2218-7332.2024.15.1.20-35</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">sechenov-1057</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>CELL BIOLOGY, CYTOLOGY, HISTOLOGY</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>КЛЕТОЧНАЯ БИОЛОГИЯ, ЦИТОЛОГИЯ, ГИСТОЛОГИЯ</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Biomarkers of neuroinflammation in the diagnosis of traumatic brain injury and neurodegenerative diseases: a literature review</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Биомаркеры нейровоспаления в диагностике черепномозговой травмы и нейродегенеративных заболеваний: обзор литературы</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4098-1125</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кузьмин</surname><given-names>Е. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kuzmin</surname><given-names>E. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кузьмин Егор Александрович, стажер-исследователь кафедры анатомии и гистологии человека</p><p>ул. Трубецкая, д. 8, стр. 2, г. Москва, 119048</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Egor A. Kuzmin, research intern, Human Anatomy and Histology Department</p><p>8/2, Trubetskaya str., Moscow, 119048</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9779-3400</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шамитько</surname><given-names>З. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shamitko</surname><given-names>Z. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Шамитько Зоя Вадимовна, студентка</p><p>ул. Трубецкая, д. 8, стр. 2, г. Москва, 119048</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Zoia V. Shamitko, student</p><p>8/2, Trubetskaya str., Moscow, 119048</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7782-3468</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Пьявченко</surname><given-names>Г. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Piavchenko</surname><given-names>G. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Пьявченко Геннадий Александрович*, канд. мед. наук, доцент кафедры анатомии и гистологии человека</p><p>ул. Трубецкая, д. 8, стр. 2, г. Москва, 119048</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Gennadii A. Piavchenko, Cand. of Sci. (Medicine), Associate Professor, Human Anatomy and Histology Department</p><p>8/2, Trubetskaya str., Moscow, 119048</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">gennadii.piavchenko@staff.sechenov.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5604-0461</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Венедиктов</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Venediktov</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Венедиктов Артем Андреевич, ассистент кафедры анатомии и гистологии человека</p><p>ул. Трубецкая, д. 8, стр. 2, г. Москва, 119048</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Artem A. Venediktov, Assistant Professor, Human Anatomy and Histology Department</p><p>8/2, Trubetskaya str., Moscow, 119048</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8215-4609</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Иванова</surname><given-names>М. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ivanova</surname><given-names>M. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Иванова Марина Юрьевна, канд. мед. наук, доцент кафедры анатомии и гистологии человека</p><p>ул. Трубецкая, д. 8, стр. 2, г. Москва, 119048</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Marina Yu. Ivanova, Cand. of Sci. (Medicine), Associate Professor, Human Anatomy and Histology Department</p><p>8/2, Trubetskaya str., Moscow, 119048</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0704-1660</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кузнецов</surname><given-names>С. Л.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kuznetsov</surname><given-names>S. L.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кузнецов Сергей Львович, член-корр. РАН, д-р мед. наук, профессор кафедры анатомии и гистологии человека</p><p>ул. Трубецкая, д. 8, стр. 2, г. Москва, 119048</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Sergey L. Kuznetsov, Corresponding Member of the RAS, Dr. of Sci. (Medicine), Professor, Human Anatomy and Histology Department</p><p>8/2, Trubetskaya str., Moscow, 119048</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГАОУ ВО «Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет имени И.М. Сеченова» Минздрава России (Сеченовский университет)</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University)</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>19</day><month>04</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>15</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>20</fpage><lpage>35</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Kuzmin E.A., Shamitko Z.V., Piavchenko G.A., Venediktov A.A., Ivanova M.Y., Kuznetsov S.L., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Кузьмин Е.А., Шамитько З.В., Пьявченко Г.А., Венедиктов А.А., Иванова М.Ю., Кузнецов С.Л.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kuzmin E.A., Shamitko Z.V., Piavchenko G.A., Venediktov A.A., Ivanova M.Y., Kuznetsov S.L.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.sechenovmedj.com/jour/article/view/1057">https://www.sechenovmedj.com/jour/article/view/1057</self-uri><abstract><p>Inflammatory processes accompanied by damage to the cell bodies of neurons are combined into the group of neuroinflammation. At the molecular, cellular and tissue levels, neuroinflammation serves as a sanogenetic response to a variety of injuries, including post-traumatic conditions and neurodegeneration. However, inflammatory changes in long-lived cells such as neurons inevitably trigger a range of adverse effects. As a result, prognosis often depends on the severity of neuroinflammation. In this work, we review the spectrum of biomarkers involved in two key mechanisms of neuroinflammation: immune-mediated and mechanical injury, that have a potential clinical application: cytokines, neurospecific proteins and their proteolysis products, markers of oxidative stress, matrix metalloproteinases and endocrine parameters. Over the past decades, a significant pool of data on neuroinflammation biomarkers has been accumulated and continues to grow, but no consensus has been reached on the actual gradation of their clinical significance. Applied branches of medicine require further systematization of information on biomarkers of neuroinflammation for effective prognostic decisions.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Воспалительные процессы, сопровождающиеся поражением тел нейронов, объединяют в группу нейровоспаления. На молекулярном, клеточном и тканевом уровнях нейровоспаление служит саногенетической реакцией на разнообразные повреждения, включая посттравматические состояния и нейродегенерацию. Тем не менее воспалительные изменения в таких долгоживущих клетках, как нейроны, неизбежно запускают целый ряд неблагоприятных эффектов. В результате прогноз зачастую зависит от тяжести нейровоспаления. В настоящей работе мы рассматриваем широкий спектр биомаркеров, участвующих в двух ключевых механизмах нейровоспаления: иммуноопосредованного и при механическом повреждении, и имеющих потенциал клинического применения: цитокины, нейроспецифические белки и продукты их протеолиза, маркеры окислительного стресса, матриксные металлопротеиназы и эндокринные показатели. За последние десятилетия накоплен значительный пул данных о биомаркерах нейровоспаления, и он продолжает расти, но единого консенсуса по фактической градации их клинической значимости не достигнуто. Прикладные отрасли медицины требуют дальнейшей систематизации сведений о биомаркерах нейровоспаления для эффективных прогностических решений в клинике.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>маркеры черепно-мозговой травмы</kwd><kwd>болезнь Альцгеймера</kwd><kwd>рассеянный склероз</kwd><kwd>нейроспецифические белки</kwd><kwd>продукты деградации нейроспецифических белков</kwd><kwd>матриксные металлопротеиназы</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>markers of traumatic brain injury</kwd><kwd>Alzheimer’s disease</kwd><kwd>multiple sclerosis</kwd><kwd>neurospecific proteins</kwd><kwd>degradation products of neurospecific proteins</kwd><kwd>matrix metalloproteinases</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Исследование выполнено за счет гранта Российского научного фонда № 23-25-00448</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The study was supported by the Russian Science Foundation, project no. 23-25-00448</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Benjamini D., Iacono D., Komlosh M.E., et al. 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