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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">sechenov</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Sechenov Medical Journal</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Сеченовский вестник</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2218-7332</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2658-3348</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Сеченовский Университет</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.47093/2218-7332.2024.15.3.36-47</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">sechenov-1142</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>CELL BIOLOGY, CYTOLOGY, HISTOLOGY</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>КЛЕТОЧНАЯ БИОЛОГИЯ, ЦИТОЛОГИЯ, ГИСТОЛОГИЯ</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Histomorphometric changes in pituitary gonadotropic endocrinocytes when exposed to dark deprivation</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Гистоморфометрические изменения гонадотропных эндокриноцитов гипофиза при воздействии темновой депривацией</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9028-2993</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кондакова</surname><given-names>Л. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kondakova</surname><given-names>L. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кондакова Лариса Игоревна - канд. мед. наук, доцент кафедры гистологии, эмбриологии, цитологии.</p><p>пл. Павших Борцов, д. 1, Волгоград, 400066</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Larisa I. Kondakova - Cand. of Sci. (Medicine), Associate Professor, Department of Histology, Embryology, Cytology, Volgograd State Medical University.</p><p>Pavshykh Bortsov square, 1, Volgograd, 400066</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">larisakondakova@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7688-9366</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Калашникова</surname><given-names>С. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kalashnikova</surname><given-names>S. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Калашникова Светлана Александровна - д-р мед. наук, доцент, заведующая кафедрой анатомии.</p><p>пл. Павших Борцов, д. 1, Волгоград, 400066</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Svetlana A. Kalashnikova - Dr. of Sci. (Med.), Associate Professor, Head of the Department of Anatomy, Volgograd State Medical University.</p><p>Pavshykh Bortsov square, 1, Volgograd, 400066</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО «Волгоградский государственный медицинский университет» Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Volgograd State Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>01</day><month>11</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>15</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>36</fpage><lpage>47</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Kondakova L.I., Kalashnikova S.A., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Кондакова Л.И., Калашникова С.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kondakova L.I., Kalashnikova S.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.sechenovmedj.com/jour/article/view/1142">https://www.sechenovmedj.com/jour/article/view/1142</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Aim</title><p>Aim. To assess the effect of 30-day dark deprivation on functional and histomorphometric changes in adenohypophysis gonadotropic endocrinocytes and their reversibility in mature male rats.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. Mongrel white male rats (n = 36) weighing 365–375 g at 4 months of age were randomly divided into three groups (each n = 12). For 30 days the control group was in automatic light-dark mode 12/12, and the rats of experimental groups 1 and 2 were in round-the-clock artificial lighting (24/0, 300 Lux), then the rats of group 2 were returned to 12/12 mode for the next 14 days. In the animals of the control and group 1 during their lifetime on the 31st day, and in group 2 on the 45th day, blood was taken from the abdominal aorta and levels of follicle-stimulating (FSH) and luteinizing (LH) hormones, melatonin, and Klotho protein were determined an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and immunoassay and after which they were removed from the experiment by decapitation. Postmortem histological and immunohistochemical examination of the pituitary gland was done using rabbit polyclonal antibodies targeting caspase-3 and Klotho protein, as well as morphometry. Statistical data processing was performed using the Kruskal-Wallis test with post-hoc Dunn’s test.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. Light desynchronization in the form of 30 days of dark deprivation increased FSH and LH levels and decreased melatonin and Klotho protein levels in the blood of male rats; increased gonadotropic endocrine cell area, volume, and perimeter by 23.1% (p &lt; 0.001), 48.7% (p &lt; 0.001), and 10.9% (p &lt; 0.001), respectively; and increased nucleus area, volume, and perimeter by 16%, 11.7%, and 2.5%, respectively. An immunohistochemical study showed an increase in the specific area of caspase-3-immunoreactive gonadotropic endocrinocytes by 25.2% without obvious morphological signs of apoptosis, and a decrease in the expression of Klotho protein by 25.7%. All indicators were reversible, the levels of FSH and Klotho protein in the blood of animals almost reached their initial values after 14 days of restoration of the light-dark cycle 12/12.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. Dark deprivation for 30 days in male rats induced reversible processes of accelerated aging and apoptosis in cells, as evidenced by changes in the expression of aging markers in gonadotropic endocrinocytes and levels of gonadotropic hormones in the blood. When the light-dark mode is restored, the levels of FSH and Klotho protein normalize as early as 14 days.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><sec><title>Цель</title><p>Цель. Оценить влияние 30-суточной темновой депривации на функциональные и гистоморфометрические изменения гонадотропных эндокриноцитов аденогипофиза и их обратимость у половозрелых крыс-самцов.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Беспородные белые крысы самцы (n = 36) массой тела 365–375 г 4-месячного возраста были рандомно разделены на три группы (каждая по n = 12). В течение 30 суток контрольная группа находилась при автоматическом свето-темновом режиме 12/12, а крысы экспериментальных групп 1 и 2 – при круглосуточном искусственном освещении (24/0, 300 люкс), затем крыс группы 2 возвращали в режим 12/12 на последующие 14 дней. У животных контрольной и группы 1 прижизненно на 31-е сутки, у группы 2 на 45-е сутки производили забор крови из брюшной аорты и определяли уровни фолликулостимулирующего (ФСГ) и лютеинизирующего (ЛГ) гормонов, мелатонина, белка Клото методом твердофазного иммуноферментного анализа, после чего выводили из эксперимента путем декапитации. Посмертно гистологически и иммуногистохимически исследовали гипофиз с помощью поликлональных кроличьих антител к каспазе-3, белку Клото, проводили морфометрию. Статистическая обработка данных осуществлялась при помощи теста Краскела – Уоллиса с апостериорным критерием Данна.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Световой десинхроноз в виде 30-суточной темновой депривации вызвал увеличение уровня ФСГ и ЛГ и уменьшение уровня мелатонина и белка Клото в крови самцов крыс; увеличение площади, объема и периметра гонадотропных эндокриноцитов на 23,1% (p &lt; 0,001), 48,7% (p &lt; 0,001), 10,9% (p &lt; 0,001) соответственно; увеличение площади, объема и периметра ядра на 16, 11,7, 2,5% соответственно. Иммуногистохимическое исследование показало увеличение удельной площади иммунореактивных на каспазу-3 гонадотропных эндокриноцитов на 25,2% без явных морфологических признаков апоптоза, при этом уменьшение экспрессии белка Клото на 25,7%. Все показатели носили обратимый характер, уровни ФСГ и белка Клото в крови животных практически достигли исходных значений через 14 суток восстановления свето-темного цикла 12/12.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Темновая депривация в течение 30 суток у крыс-самцов индуцировала обратимые процессы ускоренного старения и апоптоза в клетках, о чем свидетельствуют изменения экспрессии маркеров старения в гонадотропных эндокриноцитах и уровней гонадотропных гормонов в крови. При восстановлении свето-темного режима уже через 14 дней уровни ФСГ и белка Клото нормализуются.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>гонадотропные гормоны</kwd><kwd>каспаза-3</kwd><kwd>белок Клото</kwd><kwd>фертильность</kwd><kwd>преждевременное старение</kwd><kwd>световой десинхроноз</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>gonadotropic hormones</kwd><kwd>caspase-3</kwd><kwd>Klotho protein</kwd><kwd>fertility</kwd><kwd>premature aging</kwd><kwd>light desynchronosis</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wang X.R., Tao F.B. 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