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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">sechenov</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Sechenov Medical Journal</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Сеченовский вестник</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2218-7332</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2658-3348</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Сеченовский Университет</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.47093/2218-7332.2024.15.4.19-31</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">sechenov-1156</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>NEUROSURGERY</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>НЕЙРОХИРУРГИЯ</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Machine learning algorithm to predict in-hospital mortality after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Алгоритм машинного обучения в прогнозировании госпитальной летальности после аневризматического субарахноидального кровоизлияния</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5499-9628</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кивелёв</surname><given-names>Ю. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kivelev</surname><given-names>Juri V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кивелёв Юрий Владимирович, канд. мед. наук, PhD Университета Хельсинки, врач-нейрохирург Клиники нейрохирургии,</p><p>ул. Щепкина, д. 35, г. Москва, 129090.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Juri V. Kivelev, Cand. of Sci. (Medicine), PhD University of Helsinki, neurosurgeon, Department of Neurosurgery,</p><p>35, Schepkina str., Moscow, 129090.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">j.v.kivelev@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0789-8039</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кривошапкин</surname><given-names>А. Л.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Krivoshapkin</surname><given-names>Alexey L.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кривошапкин Алексей Леонидович, д-р мед. наук, профессор, заведующий отделением нейрохирургии; заведующий кафедрой нейрохирургии РУДН,</p><p>ул. Щепкина, д. 35, г. Москва, 129090</p><p>ул. Миклухо-Маклая, д. 6, г. Москва, 117198.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alexey L. Krivoshapkin, Dr. of Sci. (Medicine), Professor, Head of the Department of Neurosurgery; Head of the Department of Neurosurgery of RUDN University,</p><p>35, Schepkina str., Moscow, 129090;</p><p>6, Miklukho-Maklaya str., Moscow, 117198.</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7580-0385</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Суфианов</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sufianov</surname><given-names>Albert A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Суфианов Альберт Акрамович, д-р мед. наук, профессор, член-корреспондент РАН; главный врач; зав. кафедрой нейрохирургии; профессор РУДН,</p><p>ул. Миклухо-Маклая, д. 6, г. Москва, 117198;</p><p>ул. 4 км Червишевского тракта, д. 5, г. Тюмень, 625032;</p><p>ул. Трубецкая, д. 8, стр. 2, г. Москва, 119048.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Albert A. Suvianov, Dr. of Sci. (Medicine), Professor, Corresponding Member of RAS, Head of Federal Centre of Neurosurgery; Head of the Department of Neurosurgery of Sechenov University; Professor at RUDN University,</p><p>6, Miklukho-Maklaya str., Moscow, 117198;</p><p>5, 4 km Chervishevskogo trakta, Tyumen,625032;</p><p>8/2, Trubetskaya str., Moscow, 119048.</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>АО «Европейский медицинский центр»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>“European Medical Center”</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>АО «Европейский медицинский центр»; ФГАОУ ВО «Российский университет дружбы народов имени Патриса Лумумбы»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>“European Medical Center”; Рeoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University)</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГАОУ ВО «Российский университет дружбы народов имени Патриса Лумумбы»; ФГБУ «Федеральный центр нейрохирургии»; ФГАОУ ВО «Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет имени И.М. Сеченова» Минздрава России (Сеченовский Университет)</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Рeoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University); Federal Center of Neurosurgery; Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University)</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>07</day><month>12</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>15</volume><issue>4</issue><issue-title>Special Issue: Neurosurgery</issue-title><fpage>19</fpage><lpage>31</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Kivelev J.V., Krivoshapkin A.L., Sufianov A.A., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Кивелёв Ю.В., Кривошапкин А.Л., Суфианов А.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kivelev J.V., Krivoshapkin A.L., Sufianov A.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.sechenovmedj.com/jour/article/view/1156">https://www.sechenovmedj.com/jour/article/view/1156</self-uri><abstract><p>Machine learning (ML) methodology surpasses the traditional tools of statistical analysis in processing big data clinical datasets .</p><sec><title>Aim</title><p>Aim. To develop an ML algorithm of application of recurrent neural network to analyze clinical datasets of patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH).</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. A big data registry included retrospective data from 2,631 patients with an arterial aneurysm. From these, 390 individuals were selected who required treatment for SAH in an intensive care unit (ICU) setting. The raw dataset contained 7290 features, from which 12 features were selected to train the following ML models: logistic regression, support vector machine, random forest, XGBoost, multilayer perceptron and long short-term memory network (LSTM) were tested. Data preprocessing and modeling were provided in Python (version 3.11.4) using scikitlearn, tensorfl ow, keras and hyperopt libraries. The values and 95% confi dence intervals (CI) of AUROC and AURPC, predictive value, specifi city and sensitivity were calculated.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. We recruited 246 (63%) females and 144 (37%) males with mean age of 54±12.9 years. Death occurred in 133 (34%) patients including 33 patients deceased during 24 hours after admission. The best model for predicting lethal outcome was LSTM. After comparison with other ML algorithms LSTM showed the highest predictive values (AUROC – 0.83; 95% CI: 0.72–0.92, AURPC – 0.62; 95% CI 0.39–0.81) in term of in-hospital mortality. For the period in ICU from day 3 to day 6, the model’s positive predictive value was 0.83, sensitivity 0.95 and specifi city 0.58.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusions</title><p>Conclusions. LSTM may be applied to development of automatic algorithms in management of critically ill patients after SAH.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Применение современных методов машинного обучения (МО) для статистического анализа больших выборок пациентов существенно превышает возможности традиционных способов обработки информации в клинической медицине.</p><sec><title>Цель</title><p>Цель. Разработать алгоритм применения рекуррентных нейронных сетей при анализе набора клинических данных пациентов с субарахноидальным кровоизлиянием (САК).</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Регистр по типу «больших данных» содержал ретроспективные данные 2631 пациента с артериальными аневризмами. Из них для данного исследования было отобрано 390 человек, у которых САК потребовало лечения в условиях отделения интенсивной терапии, анестезии и реанимации (ИТАР). Исходный набор данных содержал 7290 признаков, из которых было отобрано 12 для обучения следующих моделей МО: логистическая регрессия, метод опорных векторов, метод случайного леса, градиентный бустинг, многослойный перцептрон, рекуррентная сеть с архитектурой долгой краткосрочной памяти (LSTM). Все этапы предобработки и моделирования данных выполнены на языке Python (версия 3.11.4) с использованием библиотек scikit-learn, tensorflow, keras и hyperopt. Вычислены значения и 95% доверительные интервалы (ДИ) AUROC и AURPC, прогностическая ценность, специфичность и чувствительность.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. В выборке было 246 (63%) женщин и 144 (37%) мужчины, средний возраст всех пациентов составил 54 ± 12,9 года. Летальный исход зарегистрирован у 133 (34%) пациентов, в том числе у 33 в течение 24 часов после поступления. Лучшей моделью, предсказывающей летальный исход, была рекуррентная нейронная сеть LSTM. При сравнении с другими моделями LSTM характеризовалась наибольшей предиктивной силой (AUROC – 0,83; 95% ДИ: 0,72–0,92, AURPC – 0,62; 95% ДИ 0,39–0,81) в отношении госпитальной летальности. Для периода времени нахождения в ИТАР с 3-х по 6-е сутки положительная прогностическая ценность модели составила 0,83, чувствительность– 0,95 и специфичность– 0,58.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Рекуррентная нейронная сеть LSTM может быть адаптирована к разработке автоматизированных алгоритмов ведения пациентов с САК в критическом состоянии.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>логистическая регрессия</kwd><kwd>метод опорных векторов</kwd><kwd>метод случайного леса</kwd><kwd>градиентный бустинг</kwd><kwd>многослойный перцептрон</kwd><kwd>рекуррентная сеть с архитектурой долгой краткосрочной памяти</kwd><kwd>LSTM</kwd><kwd>большие данные</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>logistic regression</kwd><kwd>support vector method</kwd><kwd>random forest</kwd><kwd>XGBoost</kwd><kwd>multilayer perceptron</kwd><kwd>recurrent network with long short-term memory</kwd><kwd>LSTM</kwd><kwd>big data</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">van Gijn J, Kerr R.S., Rinkel G.J. Subarachnoid haemorrhage. 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