<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">sechenov</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Sechenov Medical Journal</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Сеченовский вестник</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2218-7332</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2658-3348</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Сеченовский Университет</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.47093/2218-7332.2025.16.2.52-60</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">sechenov-1330</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ONCOLOGY</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОНКОЛОГИЯ</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Complete remission in an elderly patient with non-small cell lung cancer and brain metastasis using immunotherapy plus chemotherapy: a clinical case</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Полная ремиссия у пожилой пациентки с немелкоклеточным раком легкого и метастазом в головной мозг при лечении иммунотерапией и химиотерапией: клинический случай</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0000-3753-2076</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Чехал</surname><given-names>А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Chehal</surname><given-names>A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Чехал Ареф, консультант отделения онкологии и гематологии; приглашенный профессор медицины и онкологии</p><p>Абу-Даби</p><p>Аджман</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Aref Chehal, MD, Consultant, Oncology and Hematology Department; Adjunct Professor of Medicine and Oncology</p><p>Abu Dhabi, PO Box 11001</p><p>Ajman, PO Box 4184</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4083-2800</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Алаккад</surname><given-names>А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>ALakkad</surname><given-names>A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Алаккад Ашраф, врач-терапевт, отделение внутренней медицины, председатель комитета по рациональному использованию антибиотиков</p><p>Мухаммед Халаф, Мадинат-Зайед, MZW8, Абу-Даби, 50018</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ashraf ALakkad, MD, Internist, Department of Internal Medicine, Chair of Antimicrobial Stewardship Program</p><p>Mohamed Khalaf, Madinat Zayed, MZW8, Abu Dhabi, PO Box 50018</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ashraf.alaqqad@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0005-6542-6859</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Алькааби</surname><given-names>Х.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Alkaabi</surname><given-names>H.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Алькааби Хамда, врач-резидент, отделение внутренней медицины</p><p>Абу-Даби</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Hamda Alkaabi, MD, medical resident, Department of Internal Medicine</p><p>Abu Dhabi, PO Box 11001</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0004-5049-4835</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Разек</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Razek</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Разек Али Абдель, консультант, врач – радиационный онколог, заведующий отделением радиационной онкологии</p><p>Аль-Баия, съезд 39, шоссе шейха Аль-Мактума, Абу-Даби, 5882</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Aly A. Razek, MD, Consultant radiation oncologist, Chief of Department of Radiation Oncology</p><p>Al Bahia, Exit 39, Sheik Al Maktoom Road, Abu Dhabi, PO Box 5882</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0005-7191-1121</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Алабед</surname><given-names>Я. З.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Alabed</surname><given-names>Y. Z.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Алабед Язан З., PhD, консультант по ядерной медицине, заведующий отделением ядерной медицины и ПЭТ/КТ</p><p>Аль-Баия, съезд 39, шоссе шейха Аль-Мактума, Абу-Даби, 5882</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Yazan Z. Alabed, MD, PhD, Consultant Nuclear Medicine, Chief of Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET/CT unit</p><p>Al Bahia, Exit 39, Sheik Al Maktoom Road, Abu Dhabi, PO Box 5882</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9572-3719</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Алмасарей</surname><given-names>Х. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Almasarei</surname><given-names>H. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Алмасарей Хазем Мухаммад, консультант по диагностической и интервенционной радиологии, отделение диагностической и интервенционной радиологии</p><p>Мухаммед Халаф, Мадинат-Зайед, MZW8, Абу-Даби, 50018</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Hazem M. Almasarei, MD, Consultant diagnostic and interventional radiology, Department of diagnostic and interventional radiology</p><p>Mohamed Khalaf, Madinat Zayed, MZW8, Abu Dhabi, PO Box 50018</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Медицинский центр шейха Шахбута; Медицинский университет Персидского залива</institution><country>Объединенные Арабские Эмираты</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Sheikh Shakhbout Medical City; Gulf Medical University</institution><country>United Arab Emirates</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Больница Мадинат-Зайед</institution><country>Объединенные Арабские Эмираты</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Madinat Zayed Hospital</institution><country>United Arab Emirates</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Медицинский центр шейха Шахбута</institution><country>Объединенные Арабские Эмираты</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Sheikh Shakhbout Medical City</institution><country>United Arab Emirates</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-4"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Международный онкологический центр Персидского залива</institution><country>Объединенные Арабские Эмираты</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Gulf International Cancer Center</institution><country>United Arab Emirates</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>31</day><month>07</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>16</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>52</fpage><lpage>60</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Chehal A., ALakkad A., Alkaabi H., Razek A.A., Alabed Y.Z., Almasarei H.M., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Чехал А., Алаккад А., Алькааби Х., Разек А.А., Алабед Я.З., Алмасарей Х.М.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Chehal A., ALakkad A., Alkaabi H., Razek A.A., Alabed Y.Z., Almasarei H.M.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.sechenovmedj.com/jour/article/view/1330">https://www.sechenovmedj.com/jour/article/view/1330</self-uri><abstract><p>Lung cancer remains a leading cause of cancer-related mortality, with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) accounting for the majority of cases. Among its subtypes, adenocarcinoma is most prevalent. Stage IV NSCLC comes with a poor prognosis, particularly in elderly patients with comorbidities. Programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) checkpoint inhibitors have demonstrated promising efficacy, including in cases with brain metastases.Case report. The case concerns an 83-year-old woman with diabetes mellitus, arterial hypertension, and atrial fibrillation, diagnosed with stage IVB poorly differentiated lung adenocarcinoma which was confirmed by a percutaneous lung biopsy. PD-L1 expression was 40%. Magnetic resonance imaging identified a solitary brain metastasis. The patient was treated with dexamethasone and a CheckMate 9LA protocol was initiated with reduced-dose carboplatin, pemetrexed, nivolumab, and ipilimumab. A two years follow-up positron emission tomography showed a significant reduction in lung cancer. The brain lesions had almost disappeared, and in addition a clinical improvement could be observed.Discussion. This case underscores the potential for durable remission and improved quality of life through individualized treatment strategies in older patients with advanced NSCLC and brain involvement</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Рак легкого остается одной из ведущих причин онкологической смертности, большинство случаев приходится на немелкоклеточный рак легкого (НМРЛ). Среди его подтипов наиболее распространена аденокарцинома. Четвертая стадия НМРЛ характеризуется неблагоприятным прогнозом, особенно у пожилых пациентов с сопутствующими заболеваниями. Ингибиторы контрольных точек PD-L1 (Programmed death-ligand 1, лиганд 1 белка программируемой клеточной смерти) продемонстрировали обнадеживающую эффективность, в том числе в случаях с метастазами в головной мозг.Описание случая. У 83-летней женщины с сахарным диабетом, артериальной гипертензией и фибрилляцией предсердий была диагностирована низкодифференцированная аденокарцинома легкого IVB стадии, подтвержденная чрескожной биопсией легкого. Уровень экспрессии PD-L1 составил 40%. Магнитно-резонансная томография (МРТ) выявила солитарный метастаз в головной мозг. Пациентке назначен дексаметазон и начата терапия по протоколу CheckMate 9LA с применением карбоплатина, пеметрекседа, ниволумаба и ипилимумаба в сниженной дозе. Через 2 года лечения по данным позитронно-эмиссионной томографии зарегистрировано значительное уменьшение очагов в легком, по данным МРТ – практически полная регрессия очага в головном мозге, а также клиническое улучшение.Обсуждение. Данный случай подчеркивает возможность достижения длительной ремиссии и улучшения качества жизни при индивидуализированном подходе к лечению пожилых пациентов с распространенным НМРЛ и метастазом в головной мозг</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>аденокарцинома легкого</kwd><kwd>метастазы в центральную нервную систему</kwd><kwd>низкодифференцированная аденокарцинома</kwd><kwd>экспрессия PD-L1</kwd><kwd>ингибиторы контрольных точек</kwd><kwd>персонализированное лечение</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>pulmonary adenocarcinoma</kwd><kwd>central nervous system metastasis</kwd><kwd>poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma</kwd><kwd>PD-L1 expression</kwd><kwd>immune checkpoint inhibitors</kwd><kwd>personalized treatment</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rodríguez-Cid J.R., Chards S.C., González-Espinoza I.R., et al. A comparative study of immunotherapy as second-line treatment and beyond in patients with advanced non-small-cell lung carcinoma. Lung Cancer Manag. 2021 Mar 11; 10(3); LMT47. https://doi.org/10.2217/lmt-2020-0027. PMID: 34408789</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rodríguez-Cid J.R., Chards S.C., González-Espinoza I.R., et al. A comparative study of immunotherapy as second-line treatment and beyond in patients with advanced non-small-cell lung carcinoma. Lung Cancer Manag. 2021 Mar 11; 10(3); LMT47. https://doi.org/10.2217/lmt-2020-0027. PMID: 34408789</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Leone G.M., Candido S., Lavoro A., et al. Clinical relevance of targeted therapy and immune-checkpoint inhibition in lung cancer. Pharmaceutics. 2023 Apr; 15(4): 1252. https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics15041252. Epub 2023 Apr 16. PMID: 37111737</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Leone G.M., Candido S., Lavoro A., et al. Clinical relevance of targeted therapy and immune-checkpoint inhibition in lung cancer. Pharmaceutics. 2023 Apr; 15(4): 1252. https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics15041252. Epub 2023 Apr 16. PMID: 37111737</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Chen P., Liu Y., Wen Y., et al. Non-small cell lung cancer in China. Cancer Commun (Lond). 2022 Oct; 42(10): 937-970. https://doi.org/10.1002/cac2.12359. Epub 2022 Sep 8. PMID: 36075878</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chen P., Liu Y., Wen Y., et al. Non-small cell lung cancer in China. Cancer Commun (Lond). 2022 Oct; 42(10): 937-970. https://doi.org/10.1002/cac2.12359. Epub 2022 Sep 8. PMID: 36075878</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Nicholson A.G., Tsao M.S., Beasley M.B., et al. The 2021 WHO classification of lung tumors: impact of advances since 2015. J Thorac Oncol. 2022 Mar; 17(3): 362–387. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtho.2021.11.003. Epub 2021 Nov 20. PMID: 34808341</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nicholson A.G., Tsao M.S., Beasley M.B., et al. The 2021 WHO classification of lung tumors: impact of advances since 2015. J Thorac Oncol. 2022 Mar; 17(3): 362–387. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtho.2021.11.003. Epub 2021 Nov 20. PMID: 34808341</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Jiang K., Parker M., Materi J., et al. Epidemiology and survival outcomes of synchronous and metachronous brain metastases: a retrospective population-based study. Neurosurg Focus. 2023 Aug; 55(2): E3. https://doi.org/10.3171/2023.5.FOCUS23212. PMID: 37527669</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Jiang K., Parker M., Materi J., et al. Epidemiology and survival outcomes of synchronous and metachronous brain metastases: a retrospective population-based study. Neurosurg Focus. 2023 Aug; 55(2): E3. https://doi.org/10.3171/2023.5.FOCUS23212. PMID: 37527669</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wang Q., Li J., Liang X., Zhan Q. Improved survival with surgical treatment of primary lung lesions in non-small cell lung cancer with brain metastases: a propensity-matched analysis of Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database. Front Oncol. 2022 Jul; 12: 888999. https://doi.org/10.3389/fonc.2022.888999. PMID: 35936705</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wang Q., Li J., Liang X., Zhan Q. Improved survival with surgical treatment of primary lung lesions in non-small cell lung cancer with brain metastases: a propensity-matched analysis of Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database. Front Oncol. 2022 Jul; 12: 888999. https://doi.org/10.3389/fonc.2022.888999. PMID: 35936705</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Schmidt M., Nitz U., Reimer T., et al. Adjuvant capecitabine versus nihil in older patients with node-positive/high-risk nodenegative early breast cancer receiving ibandronate – The ICE randomized clinical trial. Eur J Cancer. 2023 Nov; 194: 113324. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejca.2023.113324. Epub 2023 Sep 7. PMID: 37797387</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Schmidt M., Nitz U., Reimer T., et al. Adjuvant capecitabine versus nihil in older patients with node-positive/high-risk nodenegative early breast cancer receiving ibandronate – The ICE randomized clinical trial. Eur J Cancer. 2023 Nov; 194: 113324. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejca.2023.113324. Epub 2023 Sep 7. PMID: 37797387</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Huang Q., Liu L., Xiao D., et al. CD44+ lung cancer stem cell-derived pericyte-like cells cause brain metastases through GPR124- enhanced trans-endothelial migration. Cancer Cell. 2023 Sep; 41(9): 1621–1636.e8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ccell.2023.07.012. Epub 2023 Aug 17. PMID: 37595587</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Huang Q., Liu L., Xiao D., et al. CD44+ lung cancer stem cell-derived pericyte-like cells cause brain metastases through GPR124- enhanced trans-endothelial migration. Cancer Cell. 2023 Sep; 41(9): 1621–1636.e8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ccell.2023.07.012. Epub 2023 Aug 17. PMID: 37595587</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Nishino M., Soejima K., Mitsudomi T., et al. Brain metastases in oncogene-driven non-small cell lung cancer. Transl Lung Cancer Res. 2019 Nov; 8(Suppl 3): S298–S307. https://doi.org/10.21037/tlcr.2019.05.15. PMID: 31857953</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nishino M., Soejima K., Mitsudomi T., et al. Brain metastases in oncogene-driven non-small cell lung cancer. Transl Lung Cancer Res. 2019 Nov; 8(Suppl 3): S298–S307. https://doi.org/10.21037/tlcr.2019.05.15. PMID: 31857953</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sun C., Zhou F., Li X., et al. PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor combined with chemotherapy can improve the survival of non-small cell lung cancer patients with brain metastases. Onco Targets Ther. 2020 Dec; 13: 12777–12786. https://doi.org/10.2147/OTT.S286600. PMID: 33363383</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sun C., Zhou F., Li X., et al. PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor combined with chemotherapy can improve the survival of non-small cell lung cancer patients with brain metastases. Onco Targets Ther. 2020 Dec; 13: 12777–12786. https://doi.org/10.2147/OTT.S286600. PMID: 33363383</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Reck M., Ciuleanu T.E., Cobo M., et al. First-line nivolumab plus ipilimumab with two cycles of chemotherapy versus chemotherapy alone (four cycles) in advanced non-small-cell lung cancer: CheckMate 9LA 2-year update. ESMO Open. 2021 Oct; 6(5): 100273. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.esmoop.2021.100273. Epub 2021 Oct 1. Erratum in: ESMO Open. 2021 Dec; 6(6): 100345. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.esmoop.2021.100345. PMID: 34607285</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Reck M., Ciuleanu T.E., Cobo M., et al. First-line nivolumab plus ipilimumab with two cycles of chemotherapy versus chemotherapy alone (four cycles) in advanced non-small-cell lung cancer: CheckMate 9LA 2-year update. ESMO Open. 2021 Oct; 6(5): 100273. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.esmoop.2021.100273. Epub 2021 Oct 1. Erratum in: ESMO Open. 2021 Dec; 6(6): 100345. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.esmoop.2021.100345. PMID: 34607285</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tai Q., Zhang L., Hu X., et al. Clinical characteristics and treatments of large cell lung carcinoma: a retrospective study using SEER data. Transl Cancer Res. 2020 Mar; 9(3): 1455–1464. https://doi.org/10.21037/tcr.2020.01.40. PMID: 35117493</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tai Q., Zhang L., Hu X., et al. Clinical characteristics and treatments of large cell lung carcinoma: a retrospective study using SEER data. Transl Cancer Res. 2020 Mar; 9(3): 1455–1464. https://doi.org/10.21037/tcr.2020.01.40. PMID: 35117493</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zhang S. Diagnostic Imaging of Lung Cancers. Springer. 2024: 103–109. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-6815-2. ISBN978- 981-99-6814-5</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zhang S. Diagnostic Imaging of Lung Cancers. Springer. 2024: 103–109. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-6815-2. ISBN978- 981-99-6814-5</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Martin-Deleon R., Teixido C., Lucena C.M., et al. EBUS-TBNA cytological samples for comprehensive molecular testing in nonsmall cell lung cancer. Cancers (Basel). 2021 Apr; 13(9): 2084. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers13092084. PMID: 33923116</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Martin-Deleon R., Teixido C., Lucena C.M., et al. EBUS-TBNA cytological samples for comprehensive molecular testing in nonsmall cell lung cancer. Cancers (Basel). 2021 Apr; 13(9): 2084. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers13092084. PMID: 33923116</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rodak O., Peris-Díaz M.D., Olbromski M., et al. Current landscape of non-small cell lung cancer: epidemiology, histological classification, targeted therapies, and immunotherapy. Cancers (Basel). 2021 Sep; 13(18): 4705. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers13184705. PMID: 34572931</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rodak O., Peris-Díaz M.D., Olbromski M., et al. Current landscape of non-small cell lung cancer: epidemiology, histological classification, targeted therapies, and immunotherapy. Cancers (Basel). 2021 Sep; 13(18): 4705. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers13184705. PMID: 34572931</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">John T., Sakai H., Ikeda S., et al. First-line nivolumab plus ipilimumab combined with two cycles of chemotherapy in advanced non-small cell lung cancer: a subanalysis of Asian patients in CheckMate 9LA. Int J Clin Oncol. 2022 Apr; 27(4): 695–706. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10147-022-02120-0. Epub 2022 Feb 19. PMID: 35182247</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">John T., Sakai H., Ikeda S., et al. First-line nivolumab plus ipilimumab combined with two cycles of chemotherapy in advanced non-small cell lung cancer: a subanalysis of Asian patients in CheckMate 9LA. Int J Clin Oncol. 2022 Apr; 27(4): 695–706. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10147-022-02120-0. Epub 2022 Feb 19. PMID: 35182247</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Socha J., Rychter A., Kepka L., et al. Management of brain metastases in elderly patients with lung cancer. J Thorac Dis. 2021 May; 13(5): 3295–3307. https://doi.org/10.21037/jtd-2019-rbmlc-05. PMID: 34164222</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Socha J., Rychter A., Kepka L., et al. Management of brain metastases in elderly patients with lung cancer. J Thorac Dis. 2021 May; 13(5): 3295–3307. https://doi.org/10.21037/jtd-2019-rbmlc-05. PMID: 34164222</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Shalata W., Yakobson A., Dudnik Y., et al. Multi-center real-world outcomes of nivolumab plus ipilimumab and chemotherapy in patients with metastatic non-small-cell lung cancer. Biomedicines. 2023 Aug; 11(9): 2438. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines11092438. PMID: 37760878</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shalata W., Yakobson A., Dudnik Y., et al. Multi-center real-world outcomes of nivolumab plus ipilimumab and chemotherapy in patients with metastatic non-small-cell lung cancer. Biomedicines. 2023 Aug; 11(9): 2438. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines11092438. PMID: 37760878</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Saxena P., Singh P.K., Malik P.S., Singh N. Immunotherapy alone or in combination with chemotherapy as first-line treatment of non-small cell lung cancer. Cancer Treat Oncol. 2020 Jul 27;21(8):69. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11864-020-00768-2. Erratum in: Curr Treat Options Oncol. 2020 Sep 12;21(11):91. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11864-020-00789-x. PMID: 32720019</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Saxena P., Singh P.K., Malik P.S., Singh N. Immunotherapy alone or in combination with chemotherapy as first-line treatment of non-small cell lung cancer. Cancer Treat Oncol. 2020 Jul 27;21(8):69. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11864-020-00768-2. Erratum in: Curr Treat Options Oncol. 2020 Sep 12;21(11):91. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11864-020-00789-x. PMID: 32720019</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Shiravand Y., Khodadadi F., Kashani S.M.A., et al. Immune checkpoint inhibitors in cancer therapy. Curr Oncol. 2022 Apr; 29(5): 3044–3060. https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol29050247. PMID: 35621637</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shiravand Y., Khodadadi F., Kashani S.M.A., et al. Immune checkpoint inhibitors in cancer therapy. Curr Oncol. 2022 Apr; 29(5): 3044–3060. https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol29050247. PMID: 35621637</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tawbi H.A., Forsyth P.A., Algazi A., et al. Combined nivolumab and ipilimumab in melanoma metastatic to the brain. N Engl J Med. 2018 Aug; 379(8): 722–730. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1805453. PMID: 30134131</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tawbi H.A., Forsyth P.A., Algazi A., et al. Combined nivolumab and ipilimumab in melanoma metastatic to the brain. N Engl J Med. 2018 Aug; 379(8): 722–730. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1805453. PMID: 30134131</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
