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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">sechenov</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Sechenov Medical Journal</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Сеченовский вестник</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2218-7332</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2658-3348</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Сеченовский Университет</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.47093/2218-7332.2026.17.1.1365</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">sechenov-1365</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>INTERNAL MEDICINE</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ВНУТРЕННИЕ БОЛЕЗНИ</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Immune-related thyroid dysfunction and survival in patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors: a multicenter prospective cohort study</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Иммуноопосредованные тиреопатии и выживаемость пациентов, получающих терапию ингибиторами контрольных точек иммунного ответа: многоцентровое проспективное когортное исследование</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0292-5907</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Жеребчикова</surname><given-names>К. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zherebchikova</surname><given-names>K. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Жеребчикова Кристина Юрьевна - ассистент кафедры эндокринологии и метаболического здоровья.</p><p>Ул. Трубецкая, д. 8, стр. 2, г. Москва, 119048</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Kristina Yu. Zherebchikova - Assistant Professor, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Health.</p><p>8/2, Trubetskaya str., Moscow, 119048</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">k.y.zherebchikova@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6476-6337</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Поддубская</surname><given-names>Е. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Poddubskaya</surname><given-names>E. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Поддубская Елена Владимировна - канд. мед. наук, старший научный сотрудник Института персонализированной онкологии.</p><p>Ул. Трубецкая, д. 8, стр. 2, г. Москва, 119048</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Elena V. Poddubskaya - Cand. of Sci. (Medicine), senior researcher, Institute for Personalized Oncology.</p><p>8/2, Trubetskaya str., Moscow, 119048</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9745-2916</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бондаренко</surname><given-names>А. П.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bondarenko</surname><given-names>A. P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Бондаренко Алексей Павлович - врач-онколог, заведующий дневным стационаром.</p><p>Ул. Сеславинская, д. 10, г. Москва, 121309</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alexey P. Bondarenko - oncologist, Head of the Day Hospital, LLC “VitaMed”.</p><p>10, Seslavinskaya str., Moscow, 121309</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3094-7671</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Виленский</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Vilenskiy</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Виленский Алексей Александрович - врач-онколог, заведующий отделением противоопухолевой лекарственной терапии Университетской клиники МНОИ.</p><p>Ленинские Горы, д. 1, г. Москва, 119991</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alexey А. Vilenskiy - oncologist, Head of the Department of Anticancer Drug Therapy.</p><p>1, Leninskiye Gory, Moscow, 119991</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7000-0095</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сыч</surname><given-names>Ю. П.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sych</surname><given-names>Yu. P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Сыч Юлия Петровна - канд. мед. наук, доцент кафедры эндокринологии и метаболического здоровья.</p><p>Ул. Трубецкая, д. 8, стр. 2, г. Москва, 119048</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Yulia P. Sych - Cand. of Sci. (Medicine), Associate Professor, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Health.</p><p>8/2, Trubetskaya str., Moscow, 119048</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2504-7468</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Фадеев</surname><given-names>В. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Fadeev</surname><given-names>V. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Фадеев Валентин Викторович - д-р мед. наук, член-корреспондент РАН, профессор кафедры внутренних болезней факультета фундаментальной медицины МНОИ.</p><p>Ленинские Горы, д. 1, г. Москва, 119991</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Valentin V. Fadeev - Dr. of Sci. (Medicine), corresponding member of RAS, Professor, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Fundamental Medicine.</p><p>1, Leninskiye Gory, Moscow, 119991</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГАОУ ВО «Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет имени И.М. Сеченова» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации (Сеченовский Университет)</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University)</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ООО «ВитаМед»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>LLC “VitaMed”</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО «Московский государственный университет имени М.В. Ломоносова»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Lomonosov Moscow State University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>12</day><month>06</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>17</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>18</fpage><lpage>29</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Zherebchikova K.Y., Poddubskaya E.V., Bondarenko A.P., Vilenskiy A.A., Sych Y.P., Fadeev V.V., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Жеребчикова К.Ю., Поддубская Е.В., Бондаренко А.П., Виленский А.А., Сыч Ю.П., Фадеев В.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Zherebchikova K.Y., Poddubskaya E.V., Bondarenko A.P., Vilenskiy A.A., Sych Y.P., Fadeev V.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.sechenovmedj.com/jour/article/view/1365">https://www.sechenovmedj.com/jour/article/view/1365</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Aim</title><p>Aim. To assess the association between immune-related thyroid dysfunction (irTD) and overall survival or progressionfree survival in patients with malignant neoplasms receiving immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. This multicenter prospective cohort study comprised 235 patients (156 men; mean age approximately 60 years) with histologically or cytologically confirmed malignancies of various localizations who were treated with programmed cell death protein 1/programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-1/PD-L1) inhibitors. Thyroid function was assessed before the treatment and every 4 weeks thereafter. irTD was diagnosed based on standardized biochemical and ultrasound criteria. Adverse events were graded according to CTCAE (Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events). Survival was analyzed using the Kaplan–Meier method, with comparisons performed using the log-rank test, and univariable Cox proportional hazards models, with hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs), were applied.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. irTD occurred in 52 patients (22.1%). In all cases, destructive thyroiditis with a transient thyrotoxic phase followed by hypothyroidism (CTCAE grade 1–2) was observed and did not require discontinuation of immune checkpoint inhibitors. The median time to irTD onset was 7.9 weeks. Patients with and without irTD were comparable in terms of sex, age, disease stage, previous cancer therapy, and type of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors. The development of irTD was associated with better progression-free survival (median 126.2 vs 40.0 weeks; HR 0.37; 95% CI: 0.25–0.55; p &lt; 0.001) and better overall survival (211.6 vs 147.0 weeks; HR 0.43; 95% CI: 0.25–0.73; p = 0.002).</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. In this prospective multicenter cohort study, irTD occurred in approximately one-fifth of patients treated with PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors, mainly during the first weeks of therapy, was generally mild, and was associated with improved survival. These findings suggest that irTD may be considered as a potential surrogate marker of treatment efficacy and support the need for regular monitoring of thyroid function during immunotherapy.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><sec><title>Цель</title><p>Цель. Оценить ассоциацию между развитием иммуноопосредованной тиреопатии (ИТ) и показателями общей выживаемости и выживаемости без прогрессирования у пациентов со злокачественными новообразованиями, получающих терапию ингибиторами контрольных точек иммунного ответа.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. В многоцентровое проспективное когортное наблюдательное исследование включены 235 пациентов (156 мужчин, средний возраст около 60 лет) с гистологически или цитологически подтвержденными злокачественными новообразованиями различной локализации, впервые начинавших терапию ингибиторами рецептора программируемой клеточной гибели 1 и его лиганда (programmed cell death protein 1/programmed death-ligand 1, PD-1/PD-L1). Функцию щитовидной железы оценивали исходно и далее каждые 4 недели; ИТ диагностировали по стандартизированным биохимическим и ультразвуковым критериям. Степень тяжести нежелательных явлений определяли по шкале общих терминологических критериев оценки нежелательных явлений (Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events, CTCAE). Показатели выживаемости анализировали методом Каплана–Мейера с использованием лог-рангового теста и однофакторных моделей Кокса с расчетом отношения рисков (hazard ratio, HR) и 95% доверительных интервалов (ДИ).</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. ИТ развилась у 52 пациентов (22,1%); во всех случаях отмечен деструктивный тиреоидит с транзиторной тиреотоксической фазой и последующим гипотиреозом 1–2-й степени по шкале CTCAE, не потребовавший отмены ингибиторов контрольных точек иммунного ответа. Медиана времени до манифестации ИТ составила 7,9 недели. Группы пациентов с ИТ и без ИТ были сопоставимы по полу, возрасту, стадии заболевания, предшествующему лечению и применяемым ингибиторам PD-1/PD-L1. Развитие ИТ ассоциировалось со значимым увеличением выживаемости без прогрессирования (медиана 126,2 против 40,0 недели; HR 0,37; 95% ДИ 0,25–0,55; p &lt; 0,001) и общей выживаемости (211,6 против 147,0 недели; HR 0,43; 95% ДИ 0,25–0,73; p = 0,002).</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. В проспективной многоцентровой когорте ИТ выявлялась примерно у пятой части пациентов, преимущественно в первые недели терапии, протекала в виде легких иммуноопосредованных нежелательных явлений и сопровождалась улучшением выживаемости. Эти данные позволяют рассматривать ИТ как потенциальный суррогатный маркер эффективности терапии ингибиторами PD-1/PD-L1 и подчеркивают необходимость регулярного мониторинга функции щитовидной железы при иммунотерапии.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>щитовидная железа</kwd><kwd>тиреоидит</kwd><kwd>нежелательные явления</kwd><kwd>иммунная токсичность</kwd><kwd>ингибиторы PD-1/PD-L1</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>thyroid gland</kwd><kwd>thyroiditis</kwd><kwd>adverse events</kwd><kwd>immune toxicity</kwd><kwd>PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Исследование не имело спонсорской поддержки (собственные ресурсы)</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The study had no sponsorship (own resources)</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bray F., Laversanne M., Sung H., et al. 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