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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">sechenov</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Sechenov Medical Journal</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Сеченовский вестник</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2218-7332</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2658-3348</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Сеченовский Университет</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.47093/2218-7332.2025.16.4.4-19</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">sechenov-1456</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>SURGERY</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ХИРУРГИЯ</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Artificial intelligence – assisted three-dimensional preoperative planning in liver tumor surgery: a comparative real-world study</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Искусственный интеллект в сочетании с трехмерным предоперационным планированием в хирургии опухолей печени: сравнительное исследование в реальной клинической практике</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4230-8033</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шабунин</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shabunin</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Шабунин Алексей Васильевич, д-р мед. наук, профессор, академик РАН, заведующий кафедрой хирургии, трансплантологии и прикладной онкологии; директор</p><p>пр-д 2-й Боткинский, д. 5, г. Москва, 125284; ул. Баррикадная, д. 2/1, стр. 1, г. Москва, 125993</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alexey V. Shabunin, Dr. of Sci. (Medicine), Professor, Academician of the RAS, Head of Department of Surgery, Transplantology and Applied Oncology; Director</p><p>5, 2nd Botkinsky proezd, Moscow, 125284; 2/1, bld. 1, Barrikadnaya str., Moscow, 125993</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0335-1204</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Тавобилов</surname><given-names>М. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Tavobilov</surname><given-names>M. ­ M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Тавобилов Михаил Михайлович, д-р мед. наук, профессор кафедры хирургии, трансплантологии и прикладной онкологии; старший научный сотрудник, заведующий отделением хирургии печени и поджелудочной железы</p><p>пр-д 2-й Боткинский, д. 5, г. Москва, 125284; ул. Баррикадная, д. 2/1, стр. 1, г. Москва, 125993</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Mikhail M. Tavobilov, Dr. of Sci. (Medicine), Professor, Department of Surgery, Transplantology and Applied Oncology; Head of the Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery</p><p>5, 2nd Botkinsky proezd, Moscow, 125284; 2/1, bld. 1, Barrikadnaya str., Moscow, 125993</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5142-1302</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Карпов</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Karpov</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Карпов Алексей Андреевич, д-р мед. наук, доцент кафедры хирургии, трансплантологии и прикладной онкологии; старший научный сотрудник, заместитель главного врача по хирургии </p><p>пр-д 2-й Боткинский, д. 5, г. Москва, 125284; ул. Баррикадная, д. 2/1, стр. 1, г. Москва, 125993</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alexey A. Karpov, Dr. of Sci. (Medicine), Associate Professor, Department of Surgery, Transplantology and Applied Oncology; Senior Researcher, Deputy Chief Physician for Surgery</p><p>5, 2nd Botkinsky proezd, Moscow, 125284; 2/1, bld. 1, Barrikadnaya str., Moscow, 125993</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9671-390X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Аладин</surname><given-names>М. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Aladin</surname><given-names>M. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Аладин Марк Николаевич, младший научный сотрудник, врач-хирург отделения хирургии печени и поджелудочной железы </p><p>пр-д 2-й Боткинский, д. 5, г. Москва, 125284</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Mark N. Aladin, Junior Researcher, Surgeon, Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery</p><p>5, 2nd Botkinsky proezd, Moscow, 125284</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">aladinmark97@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9461-6791</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ланцынова</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Lantsynova</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ланцынова Айса Владимировна, канд. мед. наук, младший научный сотрудник, врач-хирург отделения хирургии печени и поджелудочной железы </p><p>пр-д 2-й Боткинский, д. 5, г. Москва, 125284</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Aysa V. Lantsynova, Cand. of Sci. (Medicine), Junior Researcher, Surgeon, Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery</p><p>5, 2nd Botkinsky proezd, Moscow, 125284</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9871-114X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Абрамов</surname><given-names>К. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Abramov</surname><given-names>K. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Абрамов Кирилл Андреевич, канд. мед. наук, младший научный сотрудник, врач-хирург отделения хирургии печени и поджелудочной железы</p><p>пр-д 2-й Боткинский, д. 5, г. Москва, 125284; ул. Баррикадная, д. 2/1, стр. 1, г. Москва, 125993</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Kirill A. Abramov, Cand. of Sci. (Medicine), Junior Researcher, Surgeon, Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery</p><p>5, 2nd Botkinsky proezd, Moscow, 125284</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7870-808X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кудряш</surname><given-names>Е. Б.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kudryash</surname><given-names>E. B.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кудряш Евгений Борисович, аспирант кафедры хирургии; младший научный сотрудник, врач-хирург отделения хирургии печени и поджелудочной железы</p><p>пр-д 2-й Боткинский, д. 5, г. Москва, 125284; ул. Баррикадная, д. 2/1, стр. 1, г. Москва, 125993</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Evgeny B. Kudryash, postgraduate student, Department of Surgery, Transplantology and Applied Oncology; Junior Researcher, Surgeon, Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery</p><p>5, 2nd Botkinsky proezd, Moscow, 125284; 2/1, bld. 1, Barrikadnaya str., Moscow, 125993</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ГБУЗ «Московский многопрофильный научно-клинический центр имени С.П. Боткина» Департамента здравоохранения города Москвы; ФГБОУ ДПО «Российская медицинская академия непрерывного профессионального образования» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Botkin Hospital; Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ГБУЗ «Московский многопрофильный научно-клинический центр имени С.П. Боткина» Департамента здравоохранения города Москвы</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Botkin Hospital</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>30</day><month>12</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>16</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>4</fpage><lpage>19</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Shabunin A.V., Tavobilov M.M., Karpov A.A., Aladin M.N., Lantsynova A.V., Abramov K.A., Kudryash E.B., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Шабунин А.В., Тавобилов М.М., Карпов А.А., Аладин М.Н., Ланцынова А.В., Абрамов К.А., Кудряш Е.Б.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Shabunin A.V., Tavobilov M.M., Karpov A.A., Aladin M.N., Lantsynova A.V., Abramov K.A., Kudryash E.B.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.sechenovmedj.com/jour/article/view/1456">https://www.sechenovmedj.com/jour/article/view/1456</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Aim</title><p>Aim. Evaluation of the diagnostic and clinical effectiveness of the HepatoScan AI system, integrating neural network– based computed tomography (CT) analysis and interactive three-dimensional (3D) preoperative modeling in realworld clinical practice.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. A single-center comparative study was conducted, including a prospective cohort with artificial intelligence-assisted (AI) preoperative planning (n = 104) and a purposefully matched retrospective cohort undergoing standard preoperative planning (n = 100). In the AI-assisted group, automated liver and lesion segmentation, 3D volumetry, and stratification of anatomical complexity using the TROPH-L (Tumor – Regional capsule – Outflow veins – Portal vein – Hepatic bile – Localization) classification were applied. Diagnostic performance was assessed at the patient level using sensitivity, specificity, and AUROC (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve), with histopathological confirmation for malignant tumors and expert interpretation of multiphasic CT for benign lesions. Clinical effectiveness was analyzed in patients classified as TROPH-L II–III.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. The compared groups were well balanced in terms of demographic and clinical characteristics, lesion parameters, and distribution of TROPH-L categories. In the overall cohort, the use of HepatoScan AI was associated with a higher sensitivity of preoperative diagnosis compared with the standard approach (93.3% vs. 84.2%; p = 0.008), while maintaining high specificity. The AUROC was higher in the AI group (0.954 vs. 0.892), although the difference was not statistically significant; a similar trend was observed across nosological subgroups. Among patients classified as TROPH-L II–III (n = 54 in the AI group and n = 55 in the standard planning group), AI-assisted planning was associated with a shorter operative time (160 vs. 180 minutes; p = 0.01) and reduced intraoperative blood loss (280 vs. 400 mL; p = 0.004). In addition, a higher rate of R0 resections (100% vs. 91.3%) and lower rates of postoperative complications and in-hospital mortality were observed in the AI group, although these differences were not statistically significant.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. Integration of the HepatoScan AI system with interactive 3D preoperative planning is associated with improved diagnostic performance and favorable intraoperative metrics in patients with liver tumors, particularly in anatomically complex cases (TROPH-L II–III). These findings highlight the strong potential of the proposed digital technologies to optimize preoperative planning and warrant further prospective multicenter validation.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><sec><title>Цель</title><p>Цель. Оценка диагностической и клинической эффективности системы HepatoScan AI, объединяющей нейросетевой анализ компьютерных томограмм (КТ) и интерактивное трехмерное (3D, three-dimensional) предоперационное моделирование в реальной клинической практике.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Выполнено одноцентровое сравнительное исследование с проспективной когортой пациентов, у которых предоперационное планирование выполнялось с поддержкой искусственного интеллекта (ИИ, n = 104) и целенаправленно подобранной ретроспективной когортой стандартного планирования (n = 100). В группе ИИ применялись автоматическая сегментация печени и очагов, 3D-волюметрия и стратификация анатомической сложности по шкале TROPH-L (Tumor – Regional capsule – Outflow veins – Portal vein  – Hepatic bile  – Localization, опухоль  – отношение к капсуле печени  – печeночные вены  – воротная вена – желчные протоки – локализация). Диагностическую эффективность оценивали на уровне пациента с использованием показателей чувствительности, специфичности и площади под ROC-кривой (AUROC, area under the receiver operating characteristic curve) с использованием морфологической верификации для злокачественных опухолей и экспертного заключения по мультифазной КТ для доброкачественных образований. Клиническую эффективность анализировали у пациентов категорий TROPH-L II–III.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Сравниваемые группы были сопоставимы по демографическим и клиническим характеристикам, параметрам очагов и распределению категорий TROPH-L. В общей выборке применение HepatoScan AI сопровождалось увеличением чувствительности предоперационной диагностики до 93,3% по сравнению со стандартным подходом (84,2%; p = 0,008) при сохранении высокой специфичности. AUROC была выше в группе ИИ (0,954 против 0,892), однако различия не достигли значимости; в нозологических подгруппах отмечалась сходная тенденция. Среди пациентов с TROPH-L II–III (n = 54 – группа ИИ, n = 55 – стандартное планирование) применение ИИ ассоциировалось с сокращением длительности операции (160 против 180 мин; p = 0,01) и объема интраоперационной кровопотери (280 против 400 мл; p = 0,004), более высокой частотой R0-резекций (100% против 91,3%) и меньшей частотой послеоперационных осложнений и внутригоспитальной летальности, без достижения статистической значимости.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Интеграция системы HepatoScan AI и интерактивного 3D-предоперационного планирования ассоциируется с повышением диагностической эффективности и улучшением отдельных интраоперационных показателей у пациентов с опухолями печени, особенно при анатомически сложных случаях (TROPH-L II–III). Полученные результаты подтверждают высокий потенциал предложенных цифровых технологий для оптимизации предоперационного планирования и требуют дальнейшей проспективной многоцентровой валидации.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>компьютерная томография</kwd><kwd>сегментация медицинских изображений</kwd><kwd>хирургические исходы</kwd><kwd>диагностическая точность</kwd><kwd>волюметрический анализ</kwd><kwd>системы поддержки принятия клинических решений</kwd><kwd>классификация TROPH-L</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>computed tomography</kwd><kwd>medical image segmentation</kwd><kwd>surgical outcomes</kwd><kwd>diagnostic accuracy</kwd><kwd>volumetric analysis</kwd><kwd>clinical decision support systems</kwd><kwd>TROPH-L classification</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Статья подготовлена в рамках НИОКТР «Программа снижения послеоперационных осложнений, летальности и улучшения показателей выживаемости у больных с доброкачественными и онкологическими заболеваниями печени посредством технологии нейронных сетей и предоперационного трехмерного моделирования» (№ ЕГИСУ: 123042600026-2) в соответствии с Приказом Департамента здравоохранения г. Москвы от 21.12.2022 № 1196 «Об утверждении государственных заданий, финансовое обеспечение которых осуществляется за счет средств бюджета города Москвы, государственным бюджетным (автономным) учреждениям, подведомственным Департаменту здравоохранения города Москвы, на 2023 год и плановый период 2024 и 2025 годов».</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">This study was supported by a government-funded Research and Development project aimed at reducing postoperative complications and mortality and improving survival outcomes in patients with benign and malignant liver diseases through the use of neural network technologies and preoperative three-dimensional modeling (EGISU No. 123042600026-2). The project was approved by the Moscow City Health Department under Order No. 1196 dated December 21, 2022, covering the period 2023–2025.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rumgay H., Arnold M., Ferlay J., et al. Global burden of primary liver cancer in 2020 and predictions to 2040. J Hepatol. 2022 Dec; 77(6): 1598–1606. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhep.2022.08.021. Epub 2022 Oct 5. PMID: 36208844</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rumgay H., Arnold M., Ferlay J., et al. Global burden of primary liver cancer in 2020 and predictions to 2040. J Hepatol. 2022 Dec; 77(6): 1598–1606. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhep.2022.08.021. Epub 2022 Oct 5. PMID: 36208844</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ding Z.B., Shi Y.H., Chen J.F., et al. 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