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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">sechenov</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Sechenov Medical Journal</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Сеченовский вестник</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2218-7332</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2658-3348</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Сеченовский Университет</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.47093/2218-7332.2026.17.2.1517</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">sechenov-1517</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>CELL BIOLOGY, CYTOLOGY, HISTOLOGY</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>КЛЕТОЧНАЯ БИОЛОГИЯ, ЦИТОЛОГИЯ, ГИСТОЛОГИЯ</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Morphological changes of the digestive canal organs in animals with a model of Alzheimer's disease</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Морфологические изменения органов пищеварительного канала у животных с моделью болезни Альцгеймера</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0000-0323-7669</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Покидова</surname><given-names>К. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Pokidova</surname><given-names>K. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Покидова Ксения Сергеевна, стажер-исследователь кафедры анатомии и гистологии человека</p><p>ул. Трубецкая, д. 8, стр. 2, г. Москва, 119048</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ksenia S. Pokidova, research trainee, Human Anatomy and Histology Department</p><p>8/2, Trubetskaya str., Moscow, 119048</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">pokidova_k_s@staff.sechenov.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4098-1125</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кузьмин</surname><given-names>Е. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kuzmin</surname><given-names>E. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кузьмин Егор Александрович, ассистент кафедры анатомии и гистологии человека</p><p>ул. Трубецкая, д. 8, стр. 2, г. Москва, 119048</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Egor A. Kuzmin, assistant professor, Human Anatomy and Histology Department</p><p>8/2, Trubetskaya str., Moscow, 119048</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kuzmin_e_a_1@staff.sechenov.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4387-7307</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Яцковский</surname><given-names>А. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Yatskovskiy</surname><given-names>A. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Яцковский Александр Никодимович, д-р мед. наук, профессор кафедры анатомии и гистологии человека</p><p>ул. Трубецкая, д. 8, стр. 2, г. Москва, 119048</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alexander N. Yatskovskiy, Dr. of Sci. (Medicine), professor, Human Anatomy and Histology Department</p><p>8/2, Trubetskaya str., Moscow, 119048</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">yatskovskiy_a_n@staff.sechenov.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГАОУ ВО «Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет имени И.М. Сеченова» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации (Сеченовский Университет)</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University)</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>24</day><month>09</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>17</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>44</fpage><lpage>57</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Pokidova K.S., Kuzmin E.A., Yatskovskiy A.N., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Покидова К.С., Кузьмин Е.А., Яцковский А.Н.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Pokidova K.S., Kuzmin E.A., Yatskovskiy A.N.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.sechenovmedj.com/jour/article/view/1517">https://www.sechenovmedj.com/jour/article/view/1517</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Aim</title><p>Aim. To study morphological changes in the stomach and intestines of transgenic mice with amyloid precursor protein with the Swedish mutation and presenilin 1 deleted exon 9 line (APPswe/PS1dE9) used as a model of Alzheimer's disease.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. To assess cognitive impairment in animals, behavioral tests “Open Field”, “Elevated plus maze” and “Morris water maze” were performed. Brain and samples of the stomach, small intestine, and colon were collected from 1-year-old APPswe/PS1dE9 mice (n = 5) and wild-type C57BL/6J mice (n = 5) and fixed in Carnoy's fluid. The presence of amyloid deposits in the brain was assessed after staining the sections with sulfated alcian blue and using antibodies against amyloid beta. Antibodies against peripherin, synaptophysin, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), and S100 calcium-binding protein B (S100B) were used to assess the morphological characteristics of cells of the enteric nervous system. The number of positively stained structures was assessed. The distribution of variables in the samples was assessed using the Shapiro–Wilk test. Student's t-test and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) were used to assess intergroup differences.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. Amyloid deposits were found in the brain of experimental animals. In comparison with the control group, the deposition of amyloid beta in intramural ganglia neurons was noted in all studied organs of the gastrointestinal tract in animals of the APPswe/PS1dE9 line. These animals also showed increased synaptophysin immunoreactivity in neurons of the small and large intestines, accompanied by activation of GFAP+ glial cells. An increase in the number of S100B+ cells was found in all parts of the gastrointestinal tract outside the intermuscular plexus.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. In APPswe/PS1dE9 mice, morphological changes in the structural components of the enteric nervous system largely reflect changes characteristic of central nervous system structures in this model.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><sec><title>Цель</title><p>Цель. Изучить морфологические изменения в желудке и кишечнике трансгенных мышей линии со шведской мутацией в гене белка-предшественника амилоида и делецией экзона 9 в гене пресенилина 1 (APPswe/ PS1dE9, amyloid precursor protein with the Swedish mutation / presenilin 1 deleted exon 9 line), используемых в качестве модели болезни Альцгеймера.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Для оценки когнитивных нарушений у животных проводили поведенческие тесты «Открытое поле», «Приподнятый крестообразный лабиринт» и «Водный лабиринт Морриса». У мышей APPswe/ PS1dE9 (n = 5) и мышей дикого типа линии C57BL/6J (n = 5) в возрасте 1 года забирали головной мозг и образцы желудка, тонкой и толстой кишки и фиксировали их в жидкости Карнуа. Наличие амилоидных отложений в головном мозге оценивали после окрашивания срезов сульфатированным альциановым синим и с помощью антител против бета-амилоида. Для оценки морфологических особенностей клеток энтеральной нервной системы использовали антитела против периферина, синаптофизина, глиального фибриллярного кислого белка (GFAP, glial fibrillary acidic protein) и кальций-связывающего белка B группы S100 (S100B, S100 calcium-binding protein B). Учитывали количество структур, позитивно окрашенных перечисленными методами. Характер распределения переменных в выборках оценивали с помощью теста Шапиро – Уилка. Для оценки межгрупповых различий использовали t-критерий Стьюдента и однофакторный дисперсионный анализ ANOVA.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. У экспериментальных животных в головном мозге были обнаружены амилоидные отложения. В сравнении с контрольной группой у животных линии APPswe/PS1dE9 во всех изученных органах желудочно-кишечного тракта отмечено депонирование бета-амилоида в нейронах интрамуральных ганглиев. У этих же животных имели место усиление реакции с антителами против синаптофизина в нейронах тонкой и толстой кишки, активация GFAP+ глии. Во всех отделах желудочно-кишечного тракта вне межмышечного сплетения было обнаружено увеличение количества S100В+ клеток.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. У мышей APPswe/PS1dE9 морфологические изменения структурных компонентов энтеральной нервной системы во многом отражают изменения, характерные для структур центральной нервной системы при данной модели.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>нейродегенеративные заболевания</kwd><kwd>APPswe/PS1dE9</kwd><kwd>APP/PS1</kwd><kwd>энтеральная нервная система</kwd><kwd>амилоидоз</kwd><kwd>гиппокамп</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>neurodegenerative diseases</kwd><kwd>APPswe/PS1dE9</kwd><kwd>APP/PS1</kwd><kwd>enteric nervous system</kwd><kwd>amyloidosis</kwd><kwd>hippocampus</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Behl C. In 2024, the amyloid-cascade-hypothesis still remains a working hypothesis, no less but certainly no more. Front Aging Neurosci. 2024 Sep; 16: 1459224. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnagi.2024.1459224. 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