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<article article-type="review-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">sechenov</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Sechenov Medical Journal</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Сеченовский вестник</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2218-7332</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2658-3348</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Сеченовский Университет</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.47093/2218-7332.2026.17.2.4-16</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">sechenov-1544</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>INTERNAL MEDICINE</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ВНУТРЕННИЕ БОЛЕЗНИ</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Contemporary sarcopenia diagnosis: evolving definitions, screening, and instrumental assessment – a narrative review</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Современная диагностика саркопении: эволюция определений, скрининг и инструментальная оценка – нарративный обзор</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4193-688X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ткачева</surname><given-names>О. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Tkacheva</surname><given-names>O. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ткачева Ольга Николаевна, д-р мед. наук, профессор, член-корреспондент РАН, заведующая кафедрой болезней старения Института непрерывного образования и профессионального развития, директор</p><p>ул. 1-я Леонова, д. 16, г. Москва, 129226</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Olga N. Tkacheva, Dr. of Sci. (Medicine), professor, corresponding member of the RAS, head of the Department of Diseases of Aging, Institute of Continuing Professional Education, director</p><p>16, 1st Leonova str., Moscow, 129226</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7891-6850</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Дудинская</surname><given-names>Е. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Dudinskaya</surname><given-names>E. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Дудинская Екатерина Наильевна, д-р мед. наук, профессор кафедры болезней старения Института непрерывного образования и профессионального развития, заведующая лабораторией возрастных метаболических и эндокринных нарушений, врач-эндокринолог</p><p>ул. 1-я Леонова, д. 16, г. Москва, 129226</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ekaterina N. Dudinskaya, Dr. of Sci. (Medicine), professor, Department of Diseases of Aging, Institute of Continuing Professional Education and Development, head of the Laboratory of Age-Related Metabolic and Endocrine Disorders, endocrinologist</p><p>16, 1st Leonova str., Moscow, 129226</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1628-5093</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Котовская</surname><given-names>Ю. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kotovskaya</surname><given-names>Y. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Котовская Юлия Викторовна, д-р мед. наук, профессор, заместитель директора по научной работе, врач-кардиолог высшей категории</p><p>ул. 1-я Леонова, д. 16, г. Москва, 129226</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Yulia V. Kotovskaya, Dr. of Sci. (Medicine), professor, deputy director for research, cardiologist of the highest qualification category</p><p>16, 1st Leonova str., Moscow, 129226</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6253-621X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Наумов</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Naumov</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Наумов Антон Вячеславович, д-р мед. наук, профессор кафедры болезней старения Института непрерывного образования и профессионального развития, заведующий лабораторией заболеваний костно-мышечной системы</p><p>ул. 1-я Леонова, д. 16, г. Москва, 129226</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Anton V. Naumov, Dr. of Sci. (Medicine), professor, Department of Diseases of Aging, Institute of Continuing Professional Education and Development, head of the Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Disorders</p><p>16, 1st Leonova str., Moscow, 129226</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3066-4866</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ховасова</surname><given-names>Н. О.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Khovasova</surname><given-names>N. O.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ховасова Наталья Олеговна, д-р мед. наук, профессор кафедры болезней старения Института непрерывного образования и профессионального развития, врач-гериатр, врач-терапевт, старший научный сотрудник лаборатории заболеваний костно-мышечной системы</p><p>ул. 1-я Леонова, д. 16, г. Москва, 129226</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Natalia O. Khovasova, Dr. of Sci. (Medicine), professor, Department of Diseases of Aging, Institute of Continuing Professional Education and Development, geriatrician, internist, senior researcher, Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Disorders</p><p>16, 1st Leonova str., Moscow, 129226</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7743-5692</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Исаева</surname><given-names>Б. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Isaeva</surname><given-names>B. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Исаева Багжат Исмаиловна, врач-исследователь</p><p>ул. 1-я Леонова, д. 16, г. Москва, 129226</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Bagzhat I. Isaeva, research physician</p><p>16, 1st Leonova str., Moscow, 129226</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">bagzhat_alieva@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0006-9764-8445</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Чепыгова</surname><given-names>К. О.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Chepygova</surname><given-names>K. O.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Чепыгова Кристина Олеговна, младший научный сотрудник, врач-эндокринолог</p><p>ул. 1-я Леонова, д. 16, г. Москва, 129226</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Kristina O. Chepygova, junior researcher, endocrinologist</p><p>16, 1st Leonova str., Moscow, 129226</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ОСП «Российский геронтологический научно-клинический центр», ФГАОУ ВО «Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет имени Н.И. Пирогова» Минздрава России (Пироговский Университет)</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Russian Clinical Research Center for Gerontology, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>24</day><month>09</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>17</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>4</fpage><lpage>16</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Tkacheva O.N., Dudinskaya E.N., Kotovskaya Y.V., Naumov A.V., Khovasova N.O., Isaeva B.I., Chepygova K.O., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Ткачева О.Н., Дудинская Е.Н., Котовская Ю.В., Наумов А.В., Ховасова Н.О., Исаева Б.И., Чепыгова К.О.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Tkacheva O.N., Dudinskaya E.N., Kotovskaya Y.V., Naumov A.V., Khovasova N.O., Isaeva B.I., Chepygova K.O.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.sechenovmedj.com/jour/article/view/1544">https://www.sechenovmedj.com/jour/article/view/1544</self-uri><abstract><p>Sarcopenia currently affects 10–27% of people worldwide and 30–37% in the Russian Federation. Its social burden is considerable: the condition is associated with fractures, disability, and increased mortality. Sarcopenia nonetheless remains underdiagnosed. Diagnosis is hindered by the absence of universal criteria, standardized cutoff values, and widely available screening tools, while applying non-adapted foreign reference values to the Russian population may cause both under- and overdiagnosis.</p><sec><title>Aim</title><p>Aim. To analyze the evolution of international and Russian approaches to sarcopenia diagnosis, assess the diagnostic value and limitations of available screening and instrumental methods, and formulate proposals for optimizing diagnostic strategies in clinical practice in the Russian Federation.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. A literature review on sarcopenia diagnosis was conducted using PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, Google Scholar, and eLibrary.ru for 2006–2026. Systematic reviews, meta-analyses, randomized controlled trials and cohort studies, consensus documents, and clinical guidelines were included.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. A shift was observed from the isolated assessment of muscle mass toward diagnostic models in which muscle strength serves as the primary criterion and physical performance as an indicator of disease severity. Handgrip dynamometry cutoff values varied across populations. In particular, muscle strength in Russians older than 65 years was at the lower limit of European reference values. No screening instrument demonstrated both high sensitivity and high specificity. The most balanced instrument, SARC-CalF, has not been validated in the Russian population. Instrumental methods are highly accurate; however, their use is limited by high cost, limited availability, dependence on hydration status, and the lack of standardized protocols.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. To improve the effectiveness of sarcopenia diagnosis in Russia, national reference values should be developed, diagnostic protocols standardized, and screening instruments validated.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>В настоящее время распространенность саркопении в мире составляет 10–27%, в Российской Федерации – 30–37%. Данное состояние имеет большое социальное значение, ассоциируясь с переломами, утратой трудоспособности и увеличением риска смерти. Несмотря на это, саркопения остается недостаточно диагностируемым состоянием. Диагностика затрудняется отсутствием универсальных критериев, единых пороговых значений и широкодоступных инструментов скрининга, а применение к российской популяции неадаптированных зарубежных нормативов может привести как к гипо-, так и к гипердиагностике.</p><sec><title>Цель</title><p>Цель. Проанализировать эволюцию международных и российских подходов к диагностике саркопении, оценить диагностическую ценность и ограничения доступных скрининговых и инструментальных методов, сформулировать предложения по оптимизации диагностических стратегий в клинической практике Российской Федерации.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Проведен анализ литературы в базах PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, Google Scholar и eLibrary.ru за 2006–2026 гг. по вопросам диагностики саркопении. Включались систематические обзоры, метаанализы, рандомизированные контролируемые и когортные исследования, консенсусные документы и клинические рекомендации.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Прослежен переход от изолированной оценки мышечной массы к моделям, в которых мышечная сила служит первичным критерием, а физическая работоспособность – показателем тяжести. Показана вариабельность пороговых значений кистевой динамометрии между популяциями. В частности, у россиян старше 65 лет сила находится у нижней границы европейских норм. Ни один скрининговый инструмент не показал одновременно высокой чувствительности и специфичности. Наиболее сбалансированный из них  – SARC-CalF – не валидирован на российской популяции. Инструментальные методы имеют высокую точность, однако их применение ограничено высокой стоимостью, доступностью, зависимостью от гидратационного статуса и отсутствием стандартизированных протоколов.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Для повышения эффективности диагностики саркопении в России необходима разработка национальных референтных значений, стандартизация протоколов и валидация скрининговых инструментов.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>мышечная масса</kwd><kwd>мышечная сила</kwd><kwd>физическая работоспособность</kwd><kwd>старческая астения</kwd><kwd>пожилой возраст</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>muscle mass</kwd><kwd>muscle strength</kwd><kwd>physical performance</kwd><kwd>frailty</kwd><kwd>older age</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Статья подготовлена в рамках государственного задания «Метод диагностики саркопении и пресаркопении на основе ИИ», регистрационный номер 1025101700006-3.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The article was prepared within the framework of the state assignment “AI-based method for diagnosing sarcopenia and presarcopenia”, registration number 1025101700006-3.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Newman A.B., Kupelian V., Visser M., et al. 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