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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">sechenov</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Sechenov Medical Journal</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Сеченовский вестник</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2218-7332</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2658-3348</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Сеченовский Университет</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.47093/2218-7332.2021.12.3.4-16</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">sechenov-397</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>BIOMEDICAL STATISTICS TUTORIAL</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>РУКОВОДСТВО ПО БИОМЕДИЦИНСКОЙ СТАТИСТИКЕ</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Basic principles of descriptive statistics in medical research</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Основные принципы применения описательной статистики в медицинских исследованиях</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3989-2590</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Буланов</surname><given-names>Н. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bulanov</surname><given-names>N. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Буланов Николай Михайлович - кандидат медицинских наук, доцент кафедры внутренних, профессиональных болезней и ревматологии ФГАОУ ВО «Первый МГМУ им. И.М. Сеченова» Минздрава России (Сеченовский Университет).</p><p>Ул. Трубецкая, д. 8, стр. 2, г. Москва, 119991, Тел.: +7 (919) 100-22-79</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Nikolay M. BulanovH - Cand. of Sci. (Medicine), Associate Professor, Department of Internal, Occupational Diseases and Rheumatology, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University).</p><p>8/2, Trubetskaya str., Moscow, 119991, Tel.: +7 (919) 100-22-79</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">nmbulanov@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2224-0019</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Суворов</surname><given-names>А. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Suvorov</surname><given-names>A. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Суворов Александр Юрьевич - кандидат медицинских наук, главный статистик Центра анализа сложных систем.</p><p>Ул. Трубецкая, д. 8, стр. 2, Москва, 119991</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alexander Yu. Suvorov - Cand. of Sci. (Medicine), Chief Statistician, Centre for Analysis of Complex Systems, Sechenov First Moscow SMUniversity (Sechenov University).</p><p>8/2, Trubetskaya str., Moscow, 119991</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0194-6389</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Блюсс</surname><given-names>О. Б.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Blyuss</surname><given-names>O. B.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Блюсс Олег Борисович - кандидат физико-математических наук, доцент кафедры педиатрии и детских инфекционных болезней Первый МГМУ им. И.М. Сеченова; старший преподаватель Школы физики, астрономии и математики Университета Хартфордшира.</p><p>Ул. Трубецкая, д. 8, стр. 2, Москва, 119991; Хатфилд, AL10 9AB</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Oleg B. Blyuss - Cand. of Sci. (Phys. and Math.), Associate Professor, Department of Paediatrics and Paediatric Infectious Diseases, Sechenov First MSMU; Senior Lecturer, School of Physics, Astronomy and Mathematics, University of Hertfordshire.</p><p>8/2, Trubetskaya str., Moscow, 119991; College Lane, Hatfield, AL10 9AB</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9652-6856</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мунблит</surname><given-names>Д. Б.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Munblit</surname><given-names>D. B.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Мунблит Даниил Борисович - PhD, профессор кафедры педиатрии и детских инфекционных болезней Первый МГМУ им. И.М. Сеченова; Почетный старший преподаватель Секции воспаления, регенерации и развития Национального института сердца и легких, Медицинский факультет, Имперский колледж Лондона.</p><p>Ул. Трубецкая, д. 8, стр. 2, Москва, 119991; Южный Кенсингтон, Лондон, SW7 2BU</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Daniil B. Munblit - PhD, Professor, Department of Paediatrics and Paediatric Infectious Diseases, Sechenov First MSMU; Honorary Senior Lecturer, Inflammation, Repair and Development Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London.</p><p>8/2, Trubetskaya str., Moscow, 119991; Exhibition Rd, South Kensington, London, SW7 2BU</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2173-0566</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бутнару</surname><given-names>Д. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Butnaru</surname><given-names>D. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Бутнару Денис Викторович - кандидат медицинских наук, проректор по научной работе.</p><p>Ул. Трубецкая, д. 8, стр. 2, Москва, 119991</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Denis V. Butnaru - Cand. of Sci. (Medicine), Vice-rector for Research.</p><p>8/2, Trubetskaya str., Moscow, 119991</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1210-2528</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Надинская</surname><given-names>М. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Nadinskaia</surname><given-names>M. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Надинская Мария Юрьевна - кандидат медицинских наук, доцент кафедры пропедевтики внутренних болезней, гастроэнтерологии и гепатологии.</p><p>Ул. Трубецкая, д. 8, стр. 2, Москва, 119991</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Maria Yu. Nadinskaia - Cand. of Sci. (Medicine), Associate Professor, Department of Internal Medicine Propaedeutics, Gastroenterology and Hepatology.</p><p>8/2, Trubetskaya str., Moscow, 119991</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7540-1130</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Заикин</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zaikin</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Заикин Алексей Анатольевич - кандидат физико-математических наук, заместитель директора Центра анализа сложных систем Первый МГМУ им. И.М. Сеченова; профессор системной медицины Института женского здоровья и кафедры математики, Университетский колледж Лондона.</p><p>Ул. Трубецкая, д. 8, стр. 2, Москва, 119991; Гоуэр стрит, Лондон, WC1E 6BT</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alexey A. Zaikin - Cand. of Sci. (Phys. and Math.), Deputy Director, Centre for Analysis of Complex Systems, Sechenov First MSMU; Professor of Systems Medicine, Institute for Women’s Health and Department of Mathematics, University College London.</p><p>8/2, Trubetskaya str., Moscow, 119991; Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГАОУ ВО Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет им. И.М. Сеченова Минздрава России (Сеченовский Университет)</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University)</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГАОУ ВО Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет им. И.М. Сеченова Минздрава России (Сеченовский Университет); Университет Хартфордшира Колледж Лейн</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University); University of Hertfordshire</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГАОУ ВО Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет им. И.М. Сеченова Минздрава России (Сеченовский Университет); Имперский колледж Лондона Эксибишнроуд</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University); Imperial College London</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-4"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГАОУ ВО Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет им. И.М. Сеченова Минздрава России (Сеченовский Университет); Университетский колледж Лондона</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University); University College London</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2021</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>14</day><month>12</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>12</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>4</fpage><lpage>16</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Bulanov N.M., Suvorov A.Y., Blyuss O.B., Munblit D.B., Butnaru D.V., Nadinskaia M.Y., Zaikin A.A., 2021</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Буланов Н.М., Суворов А.Ю., Блюсс О.Б., Мунблит Д.Б., Бутнару Д.В., Надинская М.Ю., Заикин А.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Bulanov N.M., Suvorov A.Y., Blyuss O.B., Munblit D.B., Butnaru D.V., Nadinskaia M.Y., Zaikin A.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.sechenovmedj.com/jour/article/view/397">https://www.sechenovmedj.com/jour/article/view/397</self-uri><abstract><p>Descriptive statistics provides tools to explore, summarize and illustrate the research data. In this tutorial we discuss two main types of data - qualitative and quantitative variables, and the most common approaches to characterize data distribution numerically and graphically. This article presents two important sets of parameters - measures of the central tendency (mean, median and mode) and variation (standard deviation, quantiles) and suggests the most suitable conditions for their application. We explain the difference between the general population and random samples, that are usually analyzed in studies. The parameters which characterize the sample (for example, measures of the central tendency) are point estimates, that can differ from the respective parameters of the general population. We introduce the concept of confidence interval - the range of values, which likely includes the true value of the parameter for the general population. All concepts and definitions are illustrated with examples, which simulate the research data.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Описательная статистика - дисциплина, которая объединяет методы оценки, обобщения и представления данных. В этом руководстве авторы представляют два основных типа данных: качественные и количественные переменные, а также наиболее распространенные подходы к числовому и графическому описанию их распределений. В статье описаны два основных набора параметров: меры центральной тенденции (среднее арифметическое, медиана, мода) и вариации (стандартное отклонение, квантили), а также предложены подходы к их практическому применению. Авторы объясняют различия между генеральной совокупностью и случайными выборками, которые обычно становятся предметом научных исследований. Показатели, которые характеризуют выборку, например меры центральной тенденции, представляют точечные оценки, которые могут отличаться от соответствующих характеристик общей популяции. Руководство познакомит читателя с концепцией доверительного интервала - диапазона значений, который с определенной вероятностью содержит истинное значение соответствующего параметра общей популяции. Все представленные концепции и определения проиллюстрированы примерами, которые имитируют данные реальных медицинских исследований.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>статистика как раздел</kwd><kwd>нормальное распределение</kwd><kwd>среднее арифметическое</kwd><kwd>среднеквадратическое (стандартное) отклонение</kwd><kwd>квантили</kwd><kwd>доверительный интервал</kwd><kwd>гистограмма</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>statistics as topic</kwd><kwd>normal distribution</kwd><kwd>mean</kwd><kwd>standard deviation</kwd><kwd>quantiles</kwd><kwd>confidence interval</kwd><kwd>histogram</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Fisher R.A. 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