sechenovSechenov Medical JournalСеченовский вестник2218-73322658-3348Сеченовский Университет10.47093/2218-7332.2021.12.4.5-18sechenov-412Research ArticleNEUROSURGERYНЕЙРОХИРУРГИЯAnatomy of the optic nerve based on cadaveric dissections and its neurosurgical approaches: a comprehensive reviewКомплексный обзор анатомии зрительного нерва и нейрохирургических доступов на основе кадаверных срезовhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-7515-7710Лопес-ЭлизальдеР.López-ElizaldeR.

 MD 

 Тел.: +52 555 1409617 

Авеню лас Пальмас S/N, Фраксионаменто лас Пальмас, 22106 Тихуана, Б.К., Мексика 

MD 

Tel.: +52 555 1409617

Avenida las Palmas S/N, Fraccionamiento las Palmas, 22106 Tijuana, B.C., Mexico 

ramirolopezelizalde@hotmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-6779-1017Годинес-РубиМ.Godínez-RubíM.

 MD, PhD 

Сьерра Мохада 950, Индепенсия Ориенте, 44340 Гвадалахара, Халиско, Мексика 

MD, PhD 

Sierra Mojada 950, Independencia Oriente, 44340 Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico 

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5354-1749Лемус-РодригесЯ.Lemus-RodríguezYa.

 MD 

Авеню Соледад Ороско 603, 45100 Сапопан, Халиско, Мексика 

 MD

Av. Soledad Orozco 603, 45100 Zapopan, Jalisco, Mexico 

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6541-8609Меркадо-РохасЭ.Mercado-RojasE.

MD

Сальвадор Кеведо и Зубиета 750, Индепенсия Ориенте, 44340 Гвадалахара, Халиско, Мексика 

MD

Salvador de Quevedo y Zubieta No. 750 S L, C P 44340, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico 

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5700-8589Санчес-ДельгадильоТ.Sánchez-DelgadilloT.

 MD 

Авеню Соледад Ороско 603, 45100 Сапопан, Халиско, Мексика 

MD

Av. Soledad Orozco 603, 45100 Zapopan, Jalisco, Mexico 

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0705-977XСанчес-ДельгадильоД.Sánchez-DelgadilloD.

 MD 

Авеню Соледад Ороско 603, 45100 Сапопан, Халиско, Мексика 

 MD

Av. Soledad Orozco 603, 45100 Zapopan, Jalisco, Mexico 

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5184-5052КампероА.CamperoA.

 MD 

Хуан Баутиста Альберди 550, T4000 Сан-Мигель-де-Тукуман, Тукуман, Аргентина 

MD

Juan Bautista Alberdi 550, T4000 San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina 

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9954-5219ПаррагаР. Г.PárragaR. G.

 MD 

Авеню Папа Паоло N 761, Кочабамба, Боливия  

 MD 

Av. Papa Paulo N 761, Cochabamba, Bolivia 

Медицинское управление, Институт социального обеспечения и услуг для государственных служащихМексикаHealth Regulatory Directorate, Instituto de Seguridad y Servicios Sociales de los Trabajadores del EstadoMexicoНаучно-исследовательская лаборатория патологии, кафедра микробиологии и патологии, Университетский центр наук о здоровье, Университет ГвадалахарыМексикаLaboratorio de Investigación en Patología, Departamento de Microbiología y Patología, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, GuadalajaraMexicoНейрохирургическая служба, Главный госпиталь доктора Валентина Гомеса Фариаса, ISSSTEМексикаServicio de Neurocirugía, Hospital General Dr. Valentín Gómez Farías, ISSSTE, GuadalajaraMexicoНейрохирургическая служба, гражданская больница OPD Хуана И. МенчакаМексикаServicio de Neurocirugía, OPD Hospital Civil Juan I. Menchaca, GuadalajaraMexicoОтделение нейрохирургии, госпиталь ПадильяАргентинаServicio de Neurocirugía, Hospital PadillaArgentinaИнститут нейрохирургии Боливии (INEB)БоливияInstituto de Neurocirugía de Bolivia (INEB)Bolivia, Plurinational State of202129112021124Special Issue "Neurosurgery"518Copyright © López-Elizalde R., Godínez-Rubí M., Lemus-Rodríguez Y., Mercado-Rojas E., Sánchez-Delgadillo T., Sánchez-Delgadillo D., Campero A., Párraga R.G., 20212021Лопес-Элизальде Р., Годинес-Руби М., Лемус-Родригес Я., Меркадо-Рохас Э., Санчес-Дельгадильо Т., Санчес-Дельгадильо Д., Камперо А., Паррага Р.Г.López-Elizalde R., Godínez-Rubí M., Lemus-Rodríguez Y., Mercado-Rojas E., Sánchez-Delgadillo T., Sánchez-Delgadillo D., Campero A., Párraga R.G.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.sechenovmedj.com/jour/article/view/412

Vision is a complex sense that is widely represented in the cortex and involves multiple pathways that can be affected by conditions amenable to surgical treatment. From a neurosurgical point of view, the treatment of major lesions affecting the optic nerve, such as tumours, intracranial hypertension, trauma and aneurysms, can be approached depending on the segment to be worked on and the surrounding structures to be manipulated. Therefore, surgical manipulation of the visual pathway requires a detailed knowledge of functional neuroanatomy. The aim of this review is to present the functional and microsurgical anatomy of the second cranial nerve, through illustrations and cadaveric dissections, to support the choice of the best surgical approach and avoid iatrogenic injuries. For this purpose, a literature search was performed using the PubMed database. Additionally, cadaveric dissections were performed on adult cadaver heads fixed with formaldehyde and injected with coloured silicone.

Зрение – это сложный орган чувств, широко представленный в коре головного мозга и включающий в себя множество трактов, которые могут быть затронуты заболеваниями, поддающимися хирургическому лечению. В нейрохирургии лечение основных поражений, влияющих на зрительный нерв, таких как опухоли, внутричерепная гипертензия, травмы и аневризмы, можно рассматривать с точки зрения сегмента, на котором ведется оперативное вмешательство, и окружающих структур, подвергаемых хирургическим манипуляциям. Для выполнения хирургических манипуляций на зрительных путях требуется детальное понимание функциональной нейроанатомии. Цель данной работы – продемонстрировать функциональную и микрохирургическую анатомию зрительного нерва с помощью иллюстраций и кадаверных срезов, что необходимо для выбора оптимального хирургического доступа и исключения ятрогенных повреждений. Для достижения поставленной цели был подготовлен обзор литературы с использованием базы данных PubMed. Кроме того, была выполнена кадаверная диссекция препаратов голов взрослых людей, фиксированных формальдегидом с инъекцией сосудов цветным силиконом.

зрительный нервзрительный трактчерепные нервынейроанатомиянейрохирургические процедурыoptic nervevisual pathwaycranial nervesneuroanatomyneurosurgical proceduresThe authors gratefully acknowledge those who donated their bodies to medical research and their families. The authors also thank Carlos Alberto García for the significant contributions made to this work through his illustrations. Author MGR acknowledges the support of the University of Guadalajara and the PRODEP program (Programa para el Desarrollo Profesional Docente, para el Tipo Superior)ReferencesHayreh S.S. Structure of the optic nerve. Ischemic optic neuropathies. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. P. 7–34. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-11852-4. ISBN 978-3-642-11849-4. e-ISBN 978-3-642-11852-4Hayreh S.S. Structure of the optic nerve. Ischemic optic neuropathies. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. P. 7–34. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-11852-4. 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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.