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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">sechenov</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Sechenov Medical Journal</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Сеченовский вестник</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2218-7332</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2658-3348</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Сеченовский Университет</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.47093/2218-7332.2022.426.08</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">sechenov-439</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>BIOMEDICAL STATISTICS TUTORIAL</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>РУКОВОДСТВО ПО БИОМЕДИЦИНСКОЙ СТАТИСТИКЕ</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Statistical hypothesis testing: general approach in medical research</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Проверка статистических гипотез: общие подходы в практике медицинских исследований</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2224-0019</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Суворов</surname><given-names>А. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Suvorov</surname><given-names>A. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Суворов Александр Юрьевич, канд. мед. наук, главный статистик Центра анализа сложных систем</p><p>ул. Трубецкая, д. 8, стр. 2, г. Москва, 119991</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alexander Yu. Suvorov, Cand. of Sci. (Medicine), Chief Statistician, Centre for Analysis of Complex Systems</p><p>8/2, Trubetskaya str., Moscow, 119991</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3989-2590</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Буланов</surname><given-names>Н. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bulanov</surname><given-names>N. М.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Буланов Николай Михайлович, канд. мед. наук, доцент кафедры внутренних, профессиональных болезней и ревматологии</p><p>Тел.: +7 (919) 100-22-79</p><p>ул. Трубецкая, д. 8, стр. 2, г. Москва, 119991</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Nikolay M. Bulanov, Cand. of Sci. (Medicine), Associate Professor, Department of Internal, Occupational Diseases and Rheumatology</p><p>Tel.:+7 (919) 100-22-79</p><p>8/2, Trubetskaya str., Moscow, 119991</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">bulanov_n_m@staff.sechenov.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7518-2273</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шведова</surname><given-names>А. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shvedova</surname><given-names>A. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Шведова Анастасия Никитична, студентка 6-го курса клинического института детского здоровья им. Н.Ф. Филатова</p><p>ул. Трубецкая, д. 8, стр. 2, г. Москва, 119991</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Anastasia N. Shvedova, 6 th year student, Institute of Child’s Health named after N. F. Filatov</p><p>8/2, Trubetskaya str., Moscow, 119991</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0621-7054</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Тао</surname><given-names>Е. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Tao</surname><given-names>E. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Тао Екатерина Александровна, канд. мед. наук, ассистент кафедры внутренних, профессиональных болезней и ревматологии</p><p>ул. Трубецкая, д. 8, стр. 2, г. Москва, 119991</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ekaterina A. Tao, Cand. of Sci. (Medicine), Assistant Professor, Department of Internal, Occupational Diseases and Rheumatology</p><p>8/2, Trubetskaya str., Moscow, 119991</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2173-0566</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бутнару</surname><given-names>Д. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Butnaru</surname><given-names>D. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Бутнару Денис Викторович, канд. мед. наук, проректор по научной работе</p><p>ул. Трубецкая, д. 8, стр. 2, г. Москва, 119991</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Denis V. Butnaru, Cand. of Sci. (Medicine), Vice-rector for Research</p><p>8/2, Trubetskaya str., Moscow, 119991</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1210-2528</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Надинская</surname><given-names>М. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Nadinskaia</surname><given-names>M. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Надинская Мария Юрьевна, канд. мед. наук, доцент кафедры пропедевтики внутренних болезней, гастроэнтерологии и гепатологии</p><p>ул. Трубецкая, д. 8, стр. 2, г. Москва, 119991</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Maria Yu. Nadinskaia, Cand. of Sci. (Medicine), Associate Professor, Department of Internal Medicine Propaedeutics, Gastroenterology and Hepatology</p><p>8/2, Trubetskaya str., Moscow, 119991</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7540-1130</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Заикин</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zaikin</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Заикин Алексей Анатольевич, канд. физ.-мат. наук, заместитель директора Центра анализа сложных систем</p><p>ул. Трубецкая, д. 8, стр. 2, г. Москва, 119991</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alexey A. Zaikin, Cand. of Sci. (Phys. and Math.), Deputy Director, Centre for Analysis of Complex Systems</p><p>8/2, Trubetskaya str., Moscow, 119991</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГАОУ ВО «Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет им. И.М. Сеченова» Минздрава России (Сеченовский Университет)</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University)</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>25</day><month>10</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>13</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>4</fpage><lpage>13</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Suvorov A.Y., Bulanov N.М., Shvedova A.N., Tao E.A., Butnaru D.V., Nadinskaia M.Y., Zaikin A.A., 2021</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Суворов А.Ю., Буланов Н.М., Шведова А.Н., Тао Е.А., Бутнару Д.В., Надинская М.Ю., Заикин А.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Suvorov A.Y., Bulanov N.М., Shvedova A.N., Tao E.A., Butnaru D.V., Nadinskaia M.Y., Zaikin A.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.sechenovmedj.com/jour/article/view/439">https://www.sechenovmedj.com/jour/article/view/439</self-uri><abstract><p>Statistical hypothesis testing is one of the key steps in modern medical research. Initially, scientists formulate a research hypothesis based on which the statistical hypothesis is then developed and statistically tested. This review provides the null and alternative hypotheses’ compiling examples for different research questions and the general algorithm for their testing using t-test. The authors also describe type I errors, which are necessary to interpret p-values estimated from statistical tests, and type II errors, which are used to assess study power. The article focuses on effect size and its calculation methods, and the difference between statistically significant and clinically significant effects. The associations between effect size, sample size, and type II error are also discussed.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Проверка статистических гипотез – один из ключевых этапов современных исследований в области медицины. На начальном этапе ученые выдвигают исследовательскую гипотезу, на основе которой формулируют статистическую гипотезу, которая поддается проверке с помощью статистических тестов. В руководстве представлены примеры составления нулевой и альтернативной статистических гипотез для разных исследовательских вопросов, представлен общий алгоритм их проверки на примере t-теста. Авторы разбирают концепции ошибок I рода, которые необходимы для интерпретации p-значений, полученных в статистических тестах, и ошибок II рода, которые используют для расчета мощности исследования. Существенное внимание уделено понятию размера эффекта и его оценке, различиям между статистически и клинически значимыми эффектами. Продемонстрирована взаимосвязь между размером эффекта, численностью выборки и величиной ошибки II рода.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>статистика как раздел</kwd><kwd>нулевая гипотеза</kwd><kwd>ошибка I рода</kwd><kwd>ошибка II рода</kwd><kwd>размер эффекта</kwd><kwd>t-тест</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>statistics as topic</kwd><kwd>null hypothesis</kwd><kwd>type I error</kwd><kwd>type II error</kwd><kwd>effect size</kwd><kwd>t-test</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kestenbaum B. Epidemiology and biostatistics: An introduction to clinical research. Springer, Cham, 2019, 246р. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-96644-1</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kestenbaum B. Epidemiology and biostatistics: An introduction to clinical research. 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