<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">sechenov</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Sechenov Medical Journal</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Сеченовский вестник</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2218-7332</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2658-3348</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Сеченовский Университет</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.47093/2218-7332.2022.13.3.24-33</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">sechenov-872</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>NEUROSURGERY</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>НЕЙРОХИРУРГИЯ</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Predictors of surgical outcomes in patients with drug-resistant temporal lobe epilepsy</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Предикторы исходов хирургического лечения пациентов с фармакорезистентной височной эпилепсией</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0877-7442</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шелягин</surname><given-names>И. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shelyagin</surname><given-names>I. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Шелягин Иван Сергеевич - ассистент кафедры фармакологии ТюмГМУ МЗ РФ; врач-нейрохирург ФЦ нейрохирургии МЗ РФ.</p><p>ул. Одесская, д. 54, Тюмень, 625023; 4-й км Червишевского тракта, д. 5, Тюмень, 625032</p><p>Тел.: +7 (919) 954-53-81</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ivan S. Shelyagin - Assistant Professor, Department of Pharmacology, Tyumen State Medical University; Neurosurgeon, Federal Centre of Neurosurgery.</p><p>54, Odessa str., Tyumen, 625023; 5, 4 km Chervishevskogo tract, Tyumen, 625032</p><p>Tel.: +7 (919) 954-53-81</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">sheliaginivan@outlook.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2975-2439</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Акимова</surname><given-names>П. О.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Akimova</surname><given-names>P. O.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Акимова Полина Олеговна - нейропсихолог.</p><p>4-й км Червишевского тракта, д. 5, Тюмень, 625032</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Polina O. Akimova - Neuropsychologist, Federal Center of Neurosurgery.</p><p>5, 4 km Chervishevskogo tract, Tyumen, 625032</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6104-2103</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Стефанов</surname><given-names>С. Ж.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Stefanov</surname><given-names>S. Zh.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Cтефанов Стефан Живков - заместитель главного врача по медицинской части.</p><p>4-й км Червишевского тракта, д. 5, Тюмень, 625032</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Stefan Zh. Stefanov - Deputy Chief Medical Officer, Federal Center of Neurosurgery.</p><p>5, 4 km Chervishevskogo tract, Tyumen, 625032</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4031-0540</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Суфианов</surname><given-names>Р. A.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sufianov</surname><given-names>R. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Cуфианов Ринат Альбертович - ассистент кафедры нейрохирургии.</p><p>ул. Трубецкая, д. 8, стр. 2, Москва, 119991</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Rinat A. Sufianov - Assistant Professor, Department of Neurosurgery, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University).</p><p>8/2, Trubetskaya str., Moscow, 119991</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Тюменский государственный медицинский университет Минздрава России; Федеральный центр нейрохирургии Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Tyumen State Medical University; Federal Centre of Neurosurgery</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральный центр нейрохирургии Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Federal Centre of Neurosurgery</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет им. И.М. Сеченова Минздрава России (Сеченовский Университет)</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University)</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>28</day><month>10</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>13</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>24</fpage><lpage>33</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Shelyagin I.S., Akimova P.O., Stefanov S.Z., Sufianov R.A., 2022</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Шелягин И.С., Акимова П.О., Стефанов С.Ж., Суфианов Р.A.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Shelyagin I.S., Akimova P.O., Stefanov S.Z., Sufianov R.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.sechenovmedj.com/jour/article/view/872">https://www.sechenovmedj.com/jour/article/view/872</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Aim</title><p>Aim. To identify predictors of surgical outcomes in patients with drug-resistant temporal lobe epilepsy in a multivariate model.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. Aretrospective study included 69 patients with drug-resistant temporal lobe epilepsy who underwent microsurgical anterior temporal lobectomy. The study included 31 (45%) men and 38 (55%) women. The median age was 28 (21; 36). Surgical treatment outcomes were assessed at 6, 12, 36, and 60 months after surgical intervention according to the Engel Epilepsy Surgery Outcome Scale. Logistic regression equations were calculated, a ROC curve was constructed, and odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval (CI), sensitivity, specificity, area under the ROC curve (AUC) were calculated.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. In all assessed time periods, 88.3–93.0% of patients had outcomes consistent with Engel classes I and II. The distribution of patients by outcome classes did not change statistically significantly over the entire follow-up period. There were the following predictors of high efficacy of surgical treatment at 6 months after surgery: relatively shorter duration of active disease course (OR 0.719, 95%, CI: 0.437–0.966, p &lt; 0.05), absence of status epilepticus (OR 0.048, 95% CI: 0.002–0.472, p &lt; 0.05), absence of subdominant foci of irritative activity (OR 0.123, 95% CI: 0.012–0.845, p &lt; 0.01), presence of mesial temporal sclerosis (OR 1008, 95% CI: 21.59–1310851, p &lt; 0.01), a relatively longer resection margin on the temporal lobe (OR 637.32, 95% CI: 5.43–1960062, p &lt; 0.05), lateralization of epileptogenic zone in subdominant hemisphere (OR 0.103, 95% CI 0.004–0.937, p = 0.0532). AUC was 0.957 (0.917–0.997), p &lt; 0.0001; sensitivity 87.5%, and specificity 82.8%.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. Independent predictors of the efficacy of microsurgical anterior temporal lobectomy in patients with drug-resistant temporal lobe epilepsy are the following: shorter duration of active disease course, absence of status epilepticus in the history, absence of subdominant foci, presence of mesial temporal sclerosis, a relatively longer resection margin on the temporal lobe, and lateralization of the epileptogenic zone in the temporal lobe of the subdominant hemisphere.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><sec><title>Цель</title><p>Цель. Выявить в многофакторной модели предикторы исходов хирургического лечения пациентов с фармакорезистентной височной эпилепсией.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. В ретроспективное исследование включены 69 пациентов с фармакорезистентной височной эпилепсией, которым выполнена микрохирургическая передняя темпоральная лобэктомия. В исследование вошли 31 (45%) мужчина и 38 (55%) женщин; медиана возраста – 28 (21; 36). Исходы оценены по классификации Engel через 6, 12, 36 и 60 месяцев после хирургического лечения. Вычислены уравнения логистической регрессии, построена ROC-кривая, рассчитаны: отношение шансов (ОШ) и 95% доверительный интервал (ДИ), чувствительность, специфичность, площадь под ROC-кривой (AUC).</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Во всех оцененных временных периодах у 88,3–93,0% пациентов исходы соответствовали классам I и II по J.Jr. Engel. Распределение пациентов по классам исходов статистически значимо не изменялось за весь период наблюдения. Предикторами положительного исхода через 6 месяцев после хирургического лечения являлись: меньшая длительность активного течения заболевания (ОШ 0,719, 95% ДИ: 0,437–0,966, р &lt; 0,05), отсутствие эпилептических статусов в анамнезе (ОШ 0,048, 95% ДИ: 0,002–0,472, р &lt; 0,05), отсутствие субдоминантных очагов ирритативной активности (ОШ 0,123, 95% ДИ: 0,012–0,845, р &lt; 0,01), наличие мезиального темпорального склероза (ОШ 1008, 95% ДИ: 21,59–1310851, р &lt; 0,01), бóльшая протяженность хирургической резекции височной доли (ОШ 637,32, 95% ДИ: 5,431–960062, р &lt; 0,05) и расположение эпилептогенной зоны в височной доле субдоминантного полушария (ОШ 0,103, 95% ДИ: 0,004–0,937, р = 0,0532). AUC составила 0,957 (0,917–0,997), p &lt; 0,0001; чувствительность 87,5%, специфичность 82,8%.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Независимыми предикторами положительных исходов микрохирургической передней темпоральной лобэктомии у пациентов с фармакорезистентной височной эпилепсией являются: меньшая длительность активного течения заболевания, отсутствие эпилептических статусов в анамнезе заболевания, отсутствие субдоминантных очагов ирритативной активности, наличие мезиального темпорального склероза, бóльшая протяженность хирургической резекции височной доли и расположение эпилептогенной зоны в височной доле субдоминантного полушария.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>темпоральная лобэктомия</kwd><kwd>видео-ЭЭГ мониторинг</kwd><kwd>мезиальный темпоральный склероз</kwd><kwd>многофакторный анализ</kwd><kwd>логистическая регрессия</kwd><kwd>ROC-кривая</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>temporal lobectomy</kwd><kwd>video-EEG monitoring</kwd><kwd>mesial temporal sclerosis</kwd><kwd>multivariate analysis</kwd><kwd>logistic regression</kwd><kwd>ROC curve</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Guekht A., Hauser W.A., Milchakova L., et al. The epidemiology of epilepsy in the Russian Federation. Epilepsy Res. 2010 Dec; 92(2–3): 209–218. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2010.09.011. Epub 2010 Oct 28. PMID: 21035312.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Guekht A., Hauser W.A., Milchakova L., et al. The epidemiology of epilepsy in the Russian Federation. Epilepsy Res. 2010 Dec; 92(2–3): 209–218. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2010.09.011. Epub 2010 Oct 28. PMID: 21035312.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Falco-Walter J. Epilepsy-Definition, Classification, Pathophysiology, and Epidemiology. Semin Neurol. 2020 Dec; 40(6): 617–623. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0040-1718719. Epub 2020 Nov 5. PMID: 33155183.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Falco-Walter J. Epilepsy-Definition, Classification, Pathophysiology, and Epidemiology. Semin Neurol. 2020 Dec; 40(6): 617–623. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0040-1718719. Epub 2020 Nov 5. PMID: 33155183.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Pitkänen A., Ekolle Ndode-Ekane X., Lapinlampi N., Puhakka N. Epilepsy biomarkers – Toward etiology and pathology specificity. Neurobiol Dis. 2019 Mar; 123: 42–58. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nbd.2018.05.007. Epub 2018 May 18. PMID: 29782966.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pitkänen A., Ekolle Ndode-Ekane X., Lapinlampi N., Puhakka N. Epilepsy biomarkers – Toward etiology and pathology specificity. Neurobiol Dis. 2019 Mar; 123: 42–58. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nbd.2018.05.007. Epub 2018 May 18. PMID: 29782966.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Fattorusso A., Matricardi S., Mencaroni E., et al. The Pharmacoresistant Epilepsy: An Overview on Existant and New Emerging Therapies. Front Neurol. 2021 Jun 22; 12: 674483. https://doi.org/10.3389/fneur.2021.674483. PMID: 34239494.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fattorusso A., Matricardi S., Mencaroni E., et al. The Pharmacoresistant Epilepsy: An Overview on Existant and New Emerging Therapies. Front Neurol. 2021 Jun 22; 12: 674483. https://doi.org/10.3389/fneur.2021.674483. PMID: 34239494.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Janmohamed M., Brodie M.J., Kwan P. Pharmacoresistance – Epidemiology, mechanisms, and impact on epilepsy treatment. Neuropharmacology. 2020 May 15; 168: 107790. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropharm.2019.107790. Epub 2019 Sep 24. PMID: 31560910.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Janmohamed M., Brodie M.J., Kwan P. Pharmacoresistance – Epidemiology, mechanisms, and impact on epilepsy treatment. Neuropharmacology. 2020 May 15; 168: 107790. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropharm.2019.107790. Epub 2019 Sep 24. PMID: 31560910.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Thijs R.D., Surges R., O’Brien T.J., Sander J.W. Epilepsy in adults. Lancet. 2019 Feb 16; 393(10172): 689–701. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(18)32596-0. Epub 2019 Jan 24. PMID: 30686584.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Thijs R.D., Surges R., O’Brien T.J., Sander J.W. Epilepsy in adults. Lancet. 2019 Feb 16; 393(10172): 689–701. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(18)32596-0. Epub 2019 Jan 24. PMID: 30686584.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Jobst B.C., Cascino G.D. Resective epilepsy surgery for drug-resistant focal epilepsy: a review. JAMA. 2015 Jan 20; 313(3): 285–293. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2014.17426. PMID: 25602999.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Jobst B.C., Cascino G.D. Resective epilepsy surgery for drug-resistant focal epilepsy: a review. JAMA. 2015 Jan 20; 313(3): 285–293. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2014.17426. PMID: 25602999.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cramer S.W., McGovern R.A., Wang S.G., et al. Resective epilepsy surgery: assessment of randomized controlled trials. Neurosurg Rev. 2021 Aug; 44(4): 2059–2067. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10143-020-01432-x. Epub 2020 Nov 9. PMID: 33169227.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cramer S.W., McGovern R.A., Wang S.G., et al. Resective epilepsy surgery: assessment of randomized controlled trials. Neurosurg Rev. 2021 Aug; 44(4): 2059–2067. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10143-020-01432-x. Epub 2020 Nov 9. PMID: 33169227.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">West S., Nolan S.J., Newton R. Surgery for epilepsy: a systematic review of current evidence. Epileptic Disord. 2016 Jun 1; 18(2): 113–121. https://doi.org/10.1684/epd.2016.0825. PMID: 27193634.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">West S., Nolan S.J., Newton R. Surgery for epilepsy: a systematic review of current evidence. Epileptic Disord. 2016 Jun 1; 18(2): 113–121. https://doi.org/10.1684/epd.2016.0825. PMID: 27193634.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Matern T.S., DeCarlo R., Ciliberto M.A., Singh R.K. Palliative Epilepsy Surgery Procedures in Children. Semin Pediatr Neurol. 2021 Oct; 39: 100912. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.spen.2021.100912. Epub 2021 Aug 19. PMID: 34620461.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Matern T.S., DeCarlo R., Ciliberto M.A., Singh R.K. Palliative Epilepsy Surgery Procedures in Children. Semin Pediatr Neurol. 2021 Oct; 39: 100912. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.spen.2021.100912. Epub 2021 Aug 19. PMID: 34620461.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Vaddiparti A., Huang R., Blihar D., et al. The Evolution of corpus callosotomy for epilepsy management. World Neurosurg. 2021 Jan; 145: 455–461. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wneu.2020.08.178. Epub 2020 Sep 2. PMID: 32889189.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Vaddiparti A., Huang R., Blihar D., et al. The Evolution of corpus callosotomy for epilepsy management. World Neurosurg. 2021 Jan; 145: 455–461. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wneu.2020.08.178. Epub 2020 Sep 2. PMID: 32889189.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Madaan P., Gupta A., Gulati S. Pediatric epilepsy surgery: indications and evaluation. Indian J Pediatr. 2021 Oct; 88(10): 1000–1006. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12098-021-03668-x. Epub 2021 Mar 19. PMID: 33740232.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Madaan P., Gupta A., Gulati S. Pediatric epilepsy surgery: indications and evaluation. Indian J Pediatr. 2021 Oct; 88(10): 1000–1006. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12098-021-03668-x. Epub 2021 Mar 19. PMID: 33740232.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Graham D., Tisdall M.M., Gill D. Corpus callosotomy outcomes in pediatric patients: A systematic review. Epilepsia. 2016 Jul; 57(7): 1053–1068. https://doi.org/10.1111/epi.13408. Epub 2016 May</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Graham D., Tisdall M.M., Gill D. Corpus callosotomy outcomes in pediatric patients: A systematic review. Epilepsia. 2016 Jul; 57(7): 1053–1068. https://doi.org/10.1111/epi.13408. Epub 2016 May</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bello-Espinosa L.E., Olavarria G. Epilepsy surgery in children. Pediatr Clin North Am. 2021 Aug; 68(4): 845–856. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pcl.2021.04.016. PMID: 34247713.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bello-Espinosa L.E., Olavarria G. Epilepsy surgery in children. Pediatr Clin North Am. 2021 Aug; 68(4): 845–856. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pcl.2021.04.016. PMID: 34247713.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ryvlin P., Rheims S., Hirsch L.J., et al. Neuromodulation in epilepsy: state-of-the-art approved therapies. Lancet Neurol. 2021 Dec; 20(12): 1038–1047. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1474-4422(21)00300-8. Epub 2021 Oct 25. Erratum in: Lancet Neurol. 2021 Dec;20(12):e7. PMID: 34710360.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ryvlin P., Rheims S., Hirsch L.J., et al. Neuromodulation in epilepsy: state-of-the-art approved therapies. Lancet Neurol. 2021 Dec; 20(12): 1038–1047. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1474-4422(21)00300-8. Epub 2021 Oct 25. Erratum in: Lancet Neurol. 2021 Dec;20(12):e7. PMID: 34710360.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Asadi-Pooya A.A., Rostami C. History of surgery for temporal lobe epilepsy. Epilepsy Behav. 2017 May; 70(Pt A): 57–60. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yebeh.2017.02.020. Epub 2017 Apr 12. PMID: 28410466.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Asadi-Pooya A.A., Rostami C. History of surgery for temporal lobe epilepsy. Epilepsy Behav. 2017 May; 70(Pt A): 57–60. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yebeh.2017.02.020. Epub 2017 Apr 12. PMID: 28410466.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">West S., Nevitt S.J., Cotton J., et al. Surgery for epilepsy. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2019 Jun 25;6(6):CD010541. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD010541.pub3. PMID: 31237346.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">West S., Nevitt S.J., Cotton J., et al. Surgery for epilepsy. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2019 Jun 25;6(6):CD010541. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD010541.pub3. PMID: 31237346.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Muhlhofer W., Tan Y.L., Mueller S.G., Knowlton R. MRI-negative temporal lobe epilepsy-What do we know? Epilepsia. 2017 May; 58(5): 727–742. https://doi.org/10.1111/epi.13699. Epub 2017 Mar 7. PMID: 28266710.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Muhlhofer W., Tan Y.L., Mueller S.G., Knowlton R. MRI-negative temporal lobe epilepsy-What do we know? Epilepsia. 2017 May; 58(5): 727–742. https://doi.org/10.1111/epi.13699. Epub 2017 Mar 7. PMID: 28266710.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Krucoff M.O., Chan A.Y., Harward S.C., et al. Rates and predictors of success and failure in repeat epilepsy surgery: A meta-analysis and systematic review. Epilepsia. 2017 Dec; 58(12): 2133–2142. https://doi.org/10.1111/epi.13920. Epub 2017 Oct 10. PMID: 28994113.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Krucoff M.O., Chan A.Y., Harward S.C., et al. Rates and predictors of success and failure in repeat epilepsy surgery: A meta-analysis and systematic review. Epilepsia. 2017 Dec; 58(12): 2133–2142. https://doi.org/10.1111/epi.13920. Epub 2017 Oct 10. PMID: 28994113.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">de Tisi J., Bell G.S., Peacock J.L., et al. The long-term outcome of adult epilepsy surgery, patterns of seizure remission, and relapse: a cohort study. Lancet. 2011 Oct 15; 378(9800): 1388–1395. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(11)60890-8. PMID: 22000136.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">de Tisi J., Bell G.S., Peacock J.L., et al. The long-term outcome of adult epilepsy surgery, patterns of seizure remission, and relapse: a cohort study. Lancet. 2011 Oct 15; 378(9800): 1388–1395. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(11)60890-8. PMID: 22000136.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Fisher R.S., Cross J.H., French J.A., et al. Operational classification of seizure types by the International League Against Epilepsy: Position Paper of the ILAE Commission for Classification and Terminology. Epilepsia. 2017 Apr; 58(4): 522–530. https://doi.org/10.1111/epi.13670. Epub 2017 Mar 8. PMID: 28276060.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fisher R.S., Cross J.H., French J.A., et al. Operational classification of seizure types by the International League Against Epilepsy: Position Paper of the ILAE Commission for Classification and Terminology. Epilepsia. 2017 Apr; 58(4): 522–530. https://doi.org/10.1111/epi.13670. Epub 2017 Mar 8. PMID: 28276060.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tatum W.O., Rubboli G., Kaplan P.W., et al. Clinical utility of EEG in diagnosing and monitoring epilepsy in adults. Clin Neurophysiol. 2018 May; 129(5): 1056–1082. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clinph.2018.01.019. Epub 2018 Feb 1. PMID: 29483017.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tatum W.O., Rubboli G., Kaplan P.W., et al. Clinical utility of EEG in diagnosing and monitoring epilepsy in adults. Clin Neurophysiol. 2018 May; 129(5): 1056–1082. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clinph.2018.01.019. Epub 2018 Feb 1. PMID: 29483017.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Jayakar P., Gotman J., Harvey A.S., et al. Diagnostic utility of invasive EEG for epilepsy surgery: Indications, modalities, and techniques. Epilepsia. 2016 Nov; 57(11): 1735–1747. https://doi.org/10.1111/epi.13515. Epub 2016 Sep 28. PMID: 27677490.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Jayakar P., Gotman J., Harvey A.S., et al. Diagnostic utility of invasive EEG for epilepsy surgery: Indications, modalities, and techniques. Epilepsia. 2016 Nov; 57(11): 1735–1747. https://doi.org/10.1111/epi.13515. Epub 2016 Sep 28. PMID: 27677490.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bernasconi A., Cendes F., Theodore W.H., et al. Recommendations for the use of structural magnetic resonance imaging in the care of patients with epilepsy: A consensus report from the International League Against Epilepsy Neuroimaging Task Force. Epilepsia. 2019 Jun; 60(6): 1054–1068. https://doi.org/10.1111/epi.15612. Epub 2019 May 28. PMID: 31135062.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bernasconi A., Cendes F., Theodore W.H., et al. Recommendations for the use of structural magnetic resonance imaging in the care of patients with epilepsy: A consensus report from the International League Against Epilepsy Neuroimaging Task Force. Epilepsia. 2019 Jun; 60(6): 1054–1068. https://doi.org/10.1111/epi.15612. Epub 2019 May 28. PMID: 31135062.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gross R.E., Boulis N.M. Neurosurgical operative atlas: functional neurosurgery. 3d ed. New-York: Thieme/AANS, 2018. 362 p. ISBN-10: 9781626231115.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gross R.E., Boulis N.M. Neurosurgical operative atlas: functional neurosurgery. 3d ed. New-York: Thieme/AANS, 2018. 362 p. ISBN-10: 9781626231115.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Engel J.Jr., Van Ness P.C., Rasmussen T.B., Ojemann L.M. Outcome with respect to epileptic seizures. In: Engel Jr.J. (Ed.), Surgical Treatment of the Epilepsies, 2nd Ed. Raven Press: New York, 1993. P. 609–621. ISBN-10: 0881679887</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Engel J.Jr., Van Ness P.C., Rasmussen T.B., Ojemann L.M. Outcome with respect to epileptic seizures. In: Engel Jr.J. (Ed.), Surgical Treatment of the Epilepsies, 2nd Ed. Raven Press: New York, 1993. P. 609–621. ISBN-10: 0881679887</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Giulioni M., Marucci G., Martinoni M., et al. Seizure outcome in surgically treated drug-resistant mesial temporal lobe epilepsy based on the recent histopathological classifications. J Neurosurg. American Association of Neurological Surgeons; 2013; 119: 37–47. https://doi.org/10.3171/2013.3.JNS122132. PMID: 23641822.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Giulioni M., Marucci G., Martinoni M., et al. Seizure outcome in surgically treated drug-resistant mesial temporal lobe epilepsy based on the recent histopathological classifications. J Neurosurg. American Association of Neurological Surgeons; 2013; 119: 37–47. https://doi.org/10.3171/2013.3.JNS122132. PMID: 23641822.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Barba C., Giometto S., Lucenteforte E., et al. Seizure outcome of temporal lobe epilepsy surgery in adults and children: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Neurosurgery. 2022 Nov 1; 91(5): 676–683. https://doi.org/10.1227/neu.0000000000002094. Epub 2022 Aug 16. PMID: 35960753</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Barba C., Giometto S., Lucenteforte E., et al. Seizure outcome of temporal lobe epilepsy surgery in adults and children: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Neurosurgery. 2022 Nov 1; 91(5): 676–683. https://doi.org/10.1227/neu.0000000000002094. Epub 2022 Aug 16. PMID: 35960753</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit29"><label>29</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mohan M., Keller S., Nicolson A., et al. The long-term outcomes of epilepsy surgery. PLoS One. 2018 May 16 13(5): e0196274. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0196274. PMID: 29768433.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mohan M., Keller S., Nicolson A., et al. The long-term outcomes of epilepsy surgery. PLoS One. 2018 May 16 13(5): e0196274. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0196274. PMID: 29768433.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit30"><label>30</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hemb M., Palmini A., Paglioli E., et al. An 18-year follow-up of seizure outcome after surgery for temporal lobe epilepsy and hippocampal sclerosis. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery &amp; Psychiatry. 2013; 84: 800–805. https://doi.org/10.1136/jnnp-2012-304038 PMID: 23408065</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hemb M., Palmini A., Paglioli E., et al. An 18-year follow-up of seizure outcome after surgery for temporal lobe epilepsy and hippocampal sclerosis. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery &amp; Psychiatry. 2013; 84: 800–805. https://doi.org/10.1136/jnnp-2012-304038 PMID: 23408065</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit31"><label>31</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Alexandratou I., Patrikelis P., Messinis L., et al. Long-term neuropsychological outcomes following temporal lobe epilepsy surgery: An update of the literature. Healthcare (Basel). 2021 Sep 3; 9(9): 1156. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare9091156. PMID: 34574930; PMCID: PMC8466433.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Alexandratou I., Patrikelis P., Messinis L., et al. Long-term neuropsychological outcomes following temporal lobe epilepsy surgery: An update of the literature. Healthcare (Basel). 2021 Sep 3; 9(9): 1156. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare9091156. PMID: 34574930; PMCID: PMC8466433.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit32"><label>32</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Polkey C.E. Clinical outcome of epilepsy surgery. Curr Opin Neurol. 2004 Apr; 17(2): 173–178. https://doi.org/10.1097/00019052-200404000-00015. PMID: 15021245.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Polkey C.E. Clinical outcome of epilepsy surgery. Curr Opin Neurol. 2004 Apr; 17(2): 173–178. https://doi.org/10.1097/00019052-200404000-00015. PMID: 15021245.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
