sechenovSechenov Medical JournalСеченовский вестник2218-73322658-3348Сеченовский Университет10.47093/2218-7332.2022.13.4.18-32sechenov-882Research ArticleCELL BIOLOGY, CYTOLOGY, HISTOLOGYКЛЕТОЧНАЯ БИОЛОГИЯ, ЦИТОЛОГИЯ, ГИСТОЛОГИЯMolecular and morphological markers of neuronal death in acute cerebrovascular accidentsМолекулярные и морфологические маркеры гибели нейронов при острых нарушениях мозгового кровообращенияhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-7343-7655КудрявцеваВ. А.KudryavtsevaV. A.

Кудрявцева Варвара Алексеевна, студентка Института клинической медицины имени Н.В. Склифосовского

ул. Трубецкая, д. 8, стр. 2, г. Москва, 119991

Varvara A. Kudryavtseva, student, N.V. Sklifosovskiy Institute of Clinical Medicine

8/2, Trubetskaya str., Moscow, 119991

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4098-1125КузьминЕ. А.KuzminE. A.

Кузьмин Егор Александрович, студент Института клинической медицины имени Н.В. Склифосовского

ул. Трубецкая, д. 8, стр. 2, г. Москва, 119991

Egor A. Kuzmin, student, N.V. Sklifosovskiy Institute of Clinical Medicine

8/2, Trubetskaya str., Moscow, 119991

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6665-5419МоисееваА. В.MoiseevaA. V.

Моисеева Александра Викторовна, студентка Института клинической медицины имени Н.В. Склифосовского

ул. Трубецкая, д. 8, стр. 2, г. Москва, 119991

Aleksandra V. Moiseeva, student, N.V. Sklifosovskiy Institute of Clinical Medicine

8/2, Trubetskaya str., Moscow, 119991

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8406-9774ОбельчаковаМ. С.ObelchakovaM. S.

Обельчакова Мария Сергеевна, студентка Института общественного здоровья им. Ф.Ф. Эрисмана

ул. Трубецкая, д. 8, стр. 2, г. Москва, 119991

Mariia S. Obelchakova, student, F.F. Erisman Institute of Public Health

8/2, Trubetskaya str., Moscow, 119991

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2161-4285СиницынаП. А.SinitsinaP. A.

Синицына Полина Алексеевна, студентка Института общественного здоровья им. Ф.Ф. Эрисмана

ул. Трубецкая, д. 8, стр. 2, г. Москва, 119991

Polina A. Sinitsina, student, F.F. Erisman Institute of Public Health

8/2, Trubetskaya str., Moscow, 119991

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1248-1481ФилистовичТ. И.FilistovichT. I.

Филистович Татьяна Иосифовна, ассистент кафедры патологической физиологии им. Д.А. Маслакова

ул. Горького, д. 80, г. Гродно, 230009

Tatiana I. Filistovich, Assistant Professor, Pathological Physiology Department named after D.A. Maslakov

80, Gorkogo str., Grodno, 230009

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4648-9027КарташкинаН. Л.KartashkinaN. L.

Карташкина Наталия Левоновна, канд. мед. наук, доцент кафедры гистологии, цитологии и эмбриологии

ул. Трубецкая, д. 8, стр. 2, г. Москва, 119991

Natalia L. Kartashkina, Cand. of Sci. (Medicine), Associate Professor, Histology, Cytology and Embryology Department

8/2, Trubetskaya str., Moscow, 119991

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7782-3468ПьявченкоГ. А.PiavchenkoG. A.

Пьявченко Геннадий Александрович, канд. мед. наук, доцент кафедры гистологии, цитологии и эмбриологии

ул. Трубецкая, д. 8, стр. 2, г. Москва, 119991

ул. Петровка, д. 25, стр. 2, г. Москва, 107031

Тел.: +7 (953) 614-40-40

Gennadii A. Piavchenko, Cand. of Sci. (Medicine), Associate Professor, Histology, Cytology and Embryology Department

8/2, Trubetskaya str., Moscow, 119991

25, bld. 2, Petrovka str., Moscow, 107031

Tel.: +7 (953) 614-40-40

gennadii.piavchenko@staff.sechenov.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-3165-0378ГолубевА. М.GolubevA. M.

Голубев Аркадий Михайлович, д-р мед. наук, профессор, заведующий лабораторией патологии клетки при критических состояниях Научно-исследовательского института общей реаниматологии имени В.А. Неговского

ул. Петровка, д. 25, стр. 2, г. Москва, 107031

Arkady M. Golubev, Dr. of Sci. (Medicine), Professor, Head of the Laboratory of Cell Pathology in Critical Conditions, V.A. Negovsky Scientific Research Institute of General Reanimatology

25, bld. 2, Petrovka str., Moscow, 107031

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0704-1660КузнецовС. Л.KuznetsovS. L.

Кузнецов Сергей Львович, д-р мед. наук, профессор, член-корреспондент РАН, заведующий кафедрой гистологии, цитологии и эмбриологии

ул. Трубецкая, д. 8, стр. 2, г. Москва, 119991

Sergey L. Kuznetsov, Dr. of Sci. (Medicine), Professor, Corresponding member of the RAS, Head of the Histology, Cytology and Embryology Department

8/2, Trubetskaya str., Moscow, 119991

ФГАОУ ВО «Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет им. И.М. Сеченова» Минздрава России (Сеченовский Университет)РоссияSechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University)Russian FederationУО «Гродненский государственный медицинский университет»БеларусьGrodno State Medical UniversityBelarusФГАОУ ВО «Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет им. И.М. Сеченова» Минздрава России (Сеченовский Университет); ФГБНУ «Федеральный научно-клинический центр реаниматологии и реабилитологии» – Научно-исследовательский институт общей реаниматологии им. В.А. НеговскогоРоссияSechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University); Federal Research and Clinical Center of Intensive Care Medicine and Rehabilitology, V.A. Negovsky Scientific Research Institute of General ReanimatologyRussian FederationФГБНУ «Федеральный научно-клинический центр реаниматологии и реабилитологии» – Научно-исследовательский институт общей реаниматологии им. В.А. НеговскогоРоссияFederal Research and Clinical Center of Intensive Care Medicine and Rehabilitology, V.A. Negovsky Scientific Research Institute of General ReanimatologyRussian Federation2022281120221341832Copyright © Kudryavtseva V.A., Kuzmin E.A., Moiseeva A.V., Obelchakova M.S., Sinitsina P.A., Filistovich T.I., Kartashkina N.L., Piavchenko G.A., Golubev A.M., Kuznetsov S.L., 20222022Кудрявцева В.А., Кузьмин Е.А., Моисеева А.В., Обельчакова М.С., Синицына П.А., Филистович Т.И., Карташкина Н.Л., Пьявченко Г.А., Голубев А.М., Кузнецов С.Л.Kudryavtseva V.A., Kuzmin E.A., Moiseeva A.V., Obelchakova M.S., Sinitsina P.A., Filistovich T.I., Kartashkina N.L., Piavchenko G.A., Golubev A.M., Kuznetsov S.L.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.sechenovmedj.com/jour/article/view/882

Acute cerebral circulation disorder is one of the most discussed issues in modern intensive care and neurology, as it is a severe condition, leading to disability or death of the patient, in the absence of immediate medical care. This review discusses general and specific biological markers of stroke, genetic markers of stroke, and current data on their diagnostic significance. The main mechanisms of brain tissue cell death in stroke, such as apoptosis, necrosis, ferroptosis, parthanatosis, sarmoptosis, autolysis, autophagy, oncosis, excitotoxic death are analyzed; the morphological features of the observed processes and their structural manifestations are reviewed. For each type of cell death in nervous tissue, the most frequently detected molecular markers are discussed: specific kinases, Toll-like receptors in the case of apoptosis; serine-threonine protein kinases, components of the polyubiquitin system detected in necrosis; transferrin 1 receptors, typical for ferroptosis; poly(ADP-ribose)-polymerase, whose activity increases in parthanatosis; slow Wallerian degeneration protein that accumulates during sarmoptosis; and other biomarkers characteristic of both individual types of nerve cell death and general pathological processes affecting the brain.

Острое нарушение мозгового кровообращения является одним из наиболее обсуждаемых вопросов современной реаниматологии и неврологии, так как это тяжелое состояние, приводящее к инвалидизации или смерти пациента при отсутствии немедленно оказанной медицинской помощи. В этом обзоре рассматриваются общие и частные биологические маркеры инсульта, генетические признаки инсульта и современные данные по их диагностическому значению. Анализируются основные механизмы гибели клеток ткани головного мозга при инсульте, такие как апоптоз, некроз, ферроптоз, партанатоз, сармоптоз, аутолиз, аутофагия, онкоз, эксайтотоксическая гибель, рассматриваются морфологические особенности наблюдаемых процессов, их структурные проявления. Для каждого типа гибели клеток в нервной ткани обсуждаются наиболее часто выявляемые молекулярные маркеры: специфические киназы, Толл-подобные рецепторы в случае апоптоза; серин-треониновые протеинкиназы, компоненты полиубиквитиновой системы, выявляемые при некрозе; рецепторы трансферрина 1, типичные для ферроптоза; поли(АДФ-рибоза)-полимераза, активность которой возрастает при партанатозе; белок медленной Валлеровской дегенерации, накапливающийся в ходе сармоптоза; а также другие биомаркеры, характерные как для отдельных типов гибели нервных клеток, так и для общепатологических процессов, затрагивающих головной мозг.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.