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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">sechenov</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Sechenov Medical Journal</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Сеченовский вестник</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2218-7332</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2658-3348</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Сеченовский Университет</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.47093/2218-7332.2023.14.3.19-27</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">sechenov-970</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>CELL BIOLOGY, CYTOLOGY, HISTOLOGY</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>КЛЕТОЧНАЯ БИОЛОГИЯ, ЦИТОЛОГИЯ, ГИСТОЛОГИЯ</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Features of neuroglia at the epicenter of spinal cord contusion  injury and at distant areas in mini-pigs</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Характеристика нейроглии в эпицентре и в удаленной  от травмы области при контузионном повреждении  спинного мозга у мини-свиньи</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6503-2316</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гарифулин</surname><given-names>Р. Р.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Garifulin</surname><given-names>R. R.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Гарифулин Равиль Расимович - аспирант кафедры гистологии, цитологии и эмбриологии </p><p>ул. Бутлерова, д. 49, г. Казань, 420012</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ravil R. Garifulin - postgraduate student, Department of Histology, Cytology and Embryology</p><p>49, Butlerova str., Kazan, 420012</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8128-4636</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Измайлов</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Izmailov</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Измайлов Андрей Александрович - канд. мед. наук, ассистент кафедры гистологии, цитологии и эмбриологии </p><p>ул. Бутлерова, д. 49, г. Казань, 420012Тел.: +7 (950) 322-39-76</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Andrey A. Izmailov - Cand. of Sci. (Medicine), Assistant Professor, Department of Histology, Cytology and Embryology</p><p>49, Butlerova str., Kazan, 420012</p><p>Tel.: +7 (950) 322-39-76</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">andrei.izmaylov@kazangmu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3789-0284</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Маркосян</surname><given-names>В. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Markosyan</surname><given-names>V. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Маркосян Ваге Аршалуйсович - ассистент кафедры оперативной хирургии и топографической анатомии </p><p>ул. Бутлерова, д. 49, г. Казань, 420012</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vage A. Markosyan - Assistant Professor, Department of Operative Surgery and Topographic Anatomy</p><p>49, Butlerova str., Kazan, 420012</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3159-1144</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Минязева</surname><given-names>И. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Minyazeva</surname><given-names>I. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Минязева Ирина Салаватовна - студентка </p><p>ул. Бутлерова, д. 49, г. Казань, 420012</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Irina S. Minyazeva - student</p><p>49, Butlerova str., Kazan, 420012</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6030-6373</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Валиуллин</surname><given-names>В. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Valiullin</surname><given-names>V. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Валиуллин Виктор Владимирович - д-р биол. наук, профессор кафедры гистологии, цитологии и эмбриологии </p><p>ул. Бутлерова, д. 49, г. Казань, 420012</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Victor V. Valiullin - Dr. of Sci. (Biology), Professor,  Department of Histology, Cytology and Embryology</p><p>49, Butlerova str., Kazan, 420012</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6632-4636</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Исламов</surname><given-names>Р. Р.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Islamov</surname><given-names>R. R.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Исламов Рустем Робертович - д-р мед. наук, профессор, заведующий кафедрой гистологии, цитологии и эмбриологии</p><p>ул. Бутлерова, д. 49, г. Казань, 420012</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Rustem R. Islamov - Dr. of Sci. (Medicine), Professor, Head of the Department of Histology, Cytology and Embryology</p><p>49, Butlerova str., Kazan, 420012</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО «Казанский государственный медицинский университет» Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Kazan State Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО «Казанский государственный медицинский &#13;
университет» Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Kazan State Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО «Казанский государственный медицинский университет» Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Kazan State Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-4"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО «Казанский государственный медицинский университет» Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Kazan State Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>20</day><month>10</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>14</volume><issue>3</issue><issue-title>Special issue «Cell biology, citology, histology»</issue-title><fpage>19</fpage><lpage>27</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Garifulin R.R., Izmailov A.A., Markosyan V.A., Minyazeva I.S., Valiullin V.V., Islamov R.R., 2023</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Гарифулин Р.Р., Измайлов А.А., Маркосян В.А., Минязева И.С., Валиуллин В.В., Исламов Р.Р.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Garifulin R.R., Izmailov A.A., Markosyan V.A., Minyazeva I.S., Valiullin V.V., Islamov R.R.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.sechenovmedj.com/jour/article/view/970">https://www.sechenovmedj.com/jour/article/view/970</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Aim</title><p>Aim. To determine the delayed (after 2 months) effect of spinal cord injury (SCI) in the lower thoracic region in the  mini-pigs on the morphologic state of macro- and microglia in nearby and remote caudal areas.</p></sec><sec><title> Materials and methods</title><p> Materials and methods. Sexually mature female Vietnamese pot-bellied pigs were randomly divided into two groups:  SCI (n = 3) and intact (n = 3). Dosed contusion SCI was modelled at the level of the Th8–Th9 vertebrae, and transverse  cryostat sections of the caudal segment adjacent to the epicenter of injury and the lumbar thickening (L4–S2) were  examined 2 months later. The expression of astrocyte markers (glial fibrillary acidic protein, GFAP) and microglial  markers (ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule 1, Iba1) was assessed as the relative immunopositive area  occupied by cells. When counting the number of oligodendroglial cells (oligodendrocyte transcription factor 2, Olig2),  the presence of nuclei detectable with 4’,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) was taken into account.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. After SCI, an increase in the relative areas occupied by GFAP-positive astrocytes and Iba1-positive microglia  and a decrease in Olig2-positive oligodendrocytes were detected in both the lesion area and lumbar thickening. In  both regions, 2 months after SCI, the proportion of astrocytes was not significantly different in the anterior horns  and doubled in the posterior horns. Microglia cells with SCI were 2.5 times more in the anterior horns of both regions  and in the posterior horns of the lumbar thickening, while the presence of microglia increased slightly (1.2 times) in  the posterior horns in the SCI region. The number of oligodendrocytes decreased in the area of the epicenter of SCI  in the anterior and posterior horns by 1.5–1.75 times, and in the lumbar thickening more significantly: the number  decreased by 2.5 times in the anterior horn and 5.5 times in the posterior horn.</p></sec><sec><title> Conclusion</title><p> Conclusion. The results of the study revealed a similar pattern of macro- and microglial cell distribution both in the  SCI region and in remote areas. The obtained data testify to the necessity to take into account the state of the areas  of nervous tissue remote from the epicenter of SCI when stimulating neuroregeneration in such patients</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><sec><title>Цель</title><p>Цель. Установить отсроченное (спустя 2 месяца) влияние травмы спинного мозга (ТСМ) в нижнегрудном отделе у мини-свиньи на морфологическое состояние макро- и микроглии в близлежащих и отдаленных каудальных участках.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Половозрелых самок вьетнамской вислобрюхой свиньи случайным образом разделяли на две группы: с ТСМ (n = 3) и интактную (n = 3). Дозированную контузионную ТСМ моделировали на уровне Th8–Th9 позвонков, через 2 месяца исследовали поперечные криостатные срезы каудального сегмента, прилегающего к эпицентру травмы, и поясничного утолщения (L4–S2). Экспрессию маркеров астроцитов (глиальный фибриллярный кислый белок, glial fibrillary acidic protein, GFAP) и микроглии (ионизированная кальций-связывающая адаптерная молекула 1, ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule 1, Iba1) оценивали как относительную иммунопозитивную площадь, занимаемую клетками. При подсчете количества олигодендроглиальных клеток (фактор транскрипции олигодендроцитов 2, oligodendrocyte transcription factor 2, Olig2) учитывали наличие ядер, выявляемых при помощи 4’,6-диамидино-2-фенилиндола (4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole, DAPI).</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. После ТСМ выявлено увеличение относительных площадей, занимаемых GFAP-позитивными астроцитами и Iba1-позитивными клетками микроглии, а также уменьшение Olig2-позитивных олигодендроцитов как в области повреждения, так и в поясничном утолщении. В обеих областях спустя 2 месяца после ТСМ доля астроцитов в передних рогах существенно не отличалась, а в задних рогах увеличивалась вдвое. Клетки микроглии занимали площадь в 2,5 раза больше в передних рогах обеих областей и в задних рогах поясничного утолщения, в задних рогах в области ТСМ присутствие микроглии увеличилось незначительно (в 1,2 раза). Количество олигодендроцитов уменьшилось в области эпицентра ТСМ в передних и задних рогах в 1,5–1,75 раза, в поясничном утолщении более значимо – в 2,5 раза в передних и в 5,5 раза в задних рогах.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Результаты исследования обнаружили схожую картину распределения клеток макро- и микроглии как в области ТСМ, так и в удаленных участках. Полученные данные свидетельствуют о необходимости учитывать состояние удаленных от эпицентра ТСМ участков нервной ткани при стимулировании нейрорегенерации у таких пациентов.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>вьетнамская вислобрюхая свинья</kwd><kwd>контузионная травма спинного мозга</kwd><kwd>нейроглия грудного отдела</kwd><kwd>нейроглия поясничного утолщения</kwd><kwd>иммунофлуоресцентный анализ нейроглии</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Vietnamese pot-bellied pig</kwd><kwd>spinal cord contusion injury</kwd><kwd>neuroglia of the thoracic region</kwd><kwd>neuroglia of the  lumbar thickening</kwd><kwd>immunofluorescent analysis of neuroglia</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Исследование выполнено при финансовой поддержке гранта РНФ № 16–15-00010</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The research was supported by the grant from the Russian Science Foundation No. 16-15-00010.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Якушин О.А., Агаджанян В.В., Новокшонов А.В. 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