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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">sechenov</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Sechenov Medical Journal</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Сеченовский вестник</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2218-7332</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2658-3348</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Сеченовский Университет</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.47093/2218-7332.2023.907.12</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">sechenov-999</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>MODELING IN MEDICINE</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>МОДЕЛИРОВАНИЕ В МЕДИЦИНЕ</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>In silico prediction of the transcription factor-enhancer interaction as a first stage of axonal growth regulation</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>In silico предсказание взаимодействия транскрипционного фактора и энхансера как первого этапа регуляции аксонального роста</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0003-5159-5796</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Котельников</surname><given-names>Д. Д.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kotelnikov</surname><given-names>D. D.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Котельников Данил Дмитриевич – студент.</p><p>ул. Горького, д. 95, Благовещенск, 675001</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Danil D. Kotelnikov - Student, Amur State Medical Academy.</p><p>95, Gorky str., Blagoveshchensk, 675001</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8680-2298</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Синякин</surname><given-names>И. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sinyakin</surname><given-names>I. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Синякин Иван Алексеевич – студент.</p><p>ул. Горького, д. 95, Благовещенск, 675001</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ivan A. Sinyakin - Student, Amur State Medical Academy.</p><p>95, Gorky str., Blagoveshchensk, 675001</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0983-4541</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бородин</surname><given-names>Е. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Borodin</surname><given-names>E. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Бородин Евгений Александрович - д-р мед. наук, профессор, заведующий кафедрой химии.</p><p>ул. Горького, д. 95, Благовещенск, 675001</p><p>Тел.: +7 (962) 284-06-40</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Evgeny A. Borodin - Dr. of Sci. (Medicine), Professor, Head of the Department of Chemistry, Amur State Medical Academy.</p><p>95, Gorky str., Blagoveshchensk, 675001</p><p>Tel.: +7 (962) 284-06-40</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">borodin54@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0983-4541</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Баталова</surname><given-names>Т. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Batalova</surname><given-names>T. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Баталова Татьяна Анатольевна - д-р биол. наук, доцент, заведующая кафедрой физиологии и патофизиологии.</p><p>ул. Горького, д. 95, Благовещенск, 675001</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Tatyana A. Batalova - Dr. of Sci. (Biology), Associate Professor, Head of the Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Amur State Medical Academy.</p><p>95, Gorky str., Blagoveshchensk, 675001</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО «Амурская государственная медицинская академия» Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Amur State Medical Academy</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>30</day><month>12</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>14</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>42</fpage><lpage>50</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Kotelnikov D.D., Sinyakin I.A., Borodin E.A., Batalova T.A., 2023</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Котельников Д.Д., Синякин И.А., Бородин Е.А., Баталова Т.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kotelnikov D.D., Sinyakin I.A., Borodin E.A., Batalova T.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.sechenovmedj.com/jour/article/view/999">https://www.sechenovmedj.com/jour/article/view/999</self-uri><abstract><p>The development of neurodegenerative diseases is associated with proper neuronal circuit formation, axonal guidance. The DCC receptor (deleted in colorectal cancer / colorectal cancer suppressor) and SHH (sonic hedgehog protein) are among the key regulators of axonal guidance.</p><sec><title>Aim</title><p>Aim. Interaction prediction of specific enhancer regions of DCC and SHH genes with respectively annotated transcription factors.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. An in silico study was performed. The iEnhancer-2L and ES-ARCNN algorithms were selected to estimate enhancer sequence strength. The interaction between transcription factor and enhancer sequence was assessed using the molecular docking method. The enhancer sequence of DCC and SHH protein genes were taken from the NCBI open-source database in FASTA format. Ensembl database was used for enhancer mapping, GeneCards was used for screening and selection of potentially appropriate enhancers and transcription factors associated with these enhancers. The structures of transcription factors as well as their DNA-binding domains were taken from the UniProtKB/Swiss-prot database. An HDOCK scoring function was used as a metric for assessing the possibility of interaction of the target gene transcription factor with associated enhancer sequence.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. The results showed that the interactions of transcription factor NANOG with the DCC gene enhancer sequence and the interaction of transcription factor CEBPA with the SHH gene enhancer sequence predicted by molecular docking method are potentially possible. The iEnhancer-2L and ES-ARCNN algorithms predicted the enhancer sequence of the SHH gene as strong one. The enhancer sequence of the DCC gene was estimated as strong in the iEnhancer-2L algorithm and as weak in ES-ARCNN. Binding of the DCC gene enhancer sequence to the transcription factor NANOG at 1–206 bp and 686–885 bp sites is the most probable, binding of the SHH gene enhancer sequence to the transcription factor CEBPA at 1–500 bp (HDOCK limitation of 500 bp) is possible.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. In silico techniques applied in this study demonstrated satisfactory results of predicting the interaction of the transcription factor with the enhancer sequence. Limitations of the current techniques is the lack of consideration of specific transcription factor binding sites. This drawback can be eliminated by implementing an ab initio molecular dynamics simulations into the present pipeline.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Развитие нейродегенеративных заболеваний ассоциировано с правильным формированием нейронной цепи – аксональным наведением. Среди ключевых регуляторов аксонального наведения – рецептор DCC (deleted in colorectal cancer / colorectal cancer suppressor, супрессор колоректального рака) и белок SHH (sonic hedgehog protein, «сверхзвуковой ёжик»).</p><sec><title>Цель</title><p>Цель. Предсказание взаимодействия определенных энхансерных областей генов DCC и SHH с аннотированными для них факторами транскрипции.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Проведено исследование in silico. Для оценки силы энхансерной последовательности выбраны алгоритмы iEnhancer-2L и ES-ARCNN. Анализ взаимодействия транскрипционного фактора с энхансерной последовательностью производился с использованием метода молекулярного докинга. Энхансерная последовательность генов белков DCC и SHH взята из открытой базы данных NCBI в FASTA-формате. Для картирования энхансеров использовалась база Ensembl, для отбора потенциальных энхансеров и транскрипционных факторов к ним – GeneCards. Структуры транскрипционных факторов, а также их ДНК-связывающие домены были взяты из базы данных UniProtKB/Swiss-prot. В качестве метрики оценки возможности взаимодействия транскрипционных факторов с целевой энхансерной последовательностью использована оценочная функция (score).</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Результаты исследования показали, что взаимодействие транскрипционного фактора NANOG с энхансерной последовательностью гена DCC и взаимодействие транскрипционного фактора CEBPA с энхансерной последовательностью гена SHH, предсказанные путем метода межмолекулярного докинга, являются потенциально возможными. Алгоритмы iEnhancer-2L и ES-ARCNN предсказали энхансерную последовательность гена SHH как сильную. Энхансерная последовательность гена DCC в алгоритме iEnhancer-2L оценена как сильная, в ES-ARCNN – как слабая. Связывание энхансерной последовательности гена DCC с транскрипционным фактором NANOG на промежутках 1–206 bp и 686–885 bp является наиболее вероятным, связывание энхансерной последовательности гена SHH с транскрипционным фактором CEBPA на промежутке 1–500 bp (ограничение HDOCK в 500 bp) является возможным.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Примененные методики в исследовании in silico продемонстрировали удовлетворительные результаты предсказания взаимодействия транскрипционного фактора с энхансерной последовательностью. Ограничением методики является отсутствие учета конкретных сайтов связывания транскрипционных факторов с дезоксирибонуклеиновой кислотой. Этот недостаток может быть устранен включением в пайплайн ab initio метода молекулярной динамики.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>молекулярный докинг</kwd><kwd>in silico</kwd><kwd>DCC</kwd><kwd>SHH</kwd><kwd>сайт связывания</kwd><kwd>CEBPA</kwd><kwd>NANOG</kwd><kwd>SITECON</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>molecular docking</kwd><kwd>in silico</kwd><kwd>DCC</kwd><kwd>SHH</kwd><kwd>binding site</kwd><kwd>CEBPA</kwd><kwd>NANOG</kwd><kwd>SITECON</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Бородин Е.А., Чупалов А.П., Тимкин П.Д. и др. Подбор потенциальных лигандов к TRPM8 с помощью глубоких нейронных сетей и межмолекулярного докинга. Бюллетень физиологии и патологии дыхания. 2021; (80): 26–33. https://doi.org/10.36604/1998-5029-2021-80-26-33. 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