The article presents a brief outline of the history of the chair of general hygiene of the First Moscow State Medical University named after I.M. Sechenov. The characteristic of activities of the department as a whole and its individual members at the general historical background of the XIX–XX centuries is given in this paper.

The review article presents data on the nutritional status and health of the Russians in the dynamics of the last decade, sets out the most relevant provisions of policy documents (2010), aimed at optimizing the nutrition and reducing the risk of nutrition-related diseases, shows the tasks and ways of implementation of the state policy in the field of healthy nutrition of the Russian population at the federal and regional levels.

The article sets out the general principles of classification and classification methods which are used in medicine not too often. The author seeks to show how these principles and methods can make a step forward to the construction of efficient classifications which have explanatory power and simplicity of the necessary. The article emphasizes that medical decision of classification problem lies on the interdisciplinary level — its implementation is possible with the assistance of philosophy, mathematics, statistics, logic, sociology and linguistics.

The article views the brief history of formation of the clinical specialty of obstetrics and gynecology and the role of professors of our university in further development of medical science. Particular attention is paid to the development of scientific component of obstetrics and gynecology.

The article marks 140 years since the birth of the outstanding health organizer Nikolai Aleksandrovich Semashko, who made a huge contribution to the development of preventive health care system in Russia.

Proceedings in medical cases use the results of medical examinations: forensic expertise and quality of care expertise. Nowadays forensic experts and quality experts use different notions, various criteria for evaluating actions of professionals and the criteria for assessing the quality of medical care. The lack of common approaches to the analysis of adverse effects in medical practice stands as one of the main factors leading to different points of view in assessing the actions of medical staff in the court.

In the given article explored and viewed modern condition and problems of the service of emergency medicine of the Republic Karakalpakstan at organizations and rendering emergency medical help to population on system stage of the public health of Uzbekistan. Created crisis of ecological situation and its negative infl uence upon increasing of the diseases, and death-rate of the population in Aral sea region. A 12 year term of activity of the Department of fast medical help of Karakalpakstan Republic is studied and analyzed. A scientific interpreting of the explored material with the use of statistical methods and benchmark analysis is made. The recommendations are given for improvement of the service of emergency medicine in Uzbekistan.

The author using a multidisciplinary approach (involving philosophy, mathematics, applied statistics and psychology) has solved a number of theoretical issues of clinical surgery in this article. On the basis of the philosophical (theoretical and, therefore, universal) definition of risk he describes the features of decision-making in routine and emergency surgery, proves the theoretical possibility of predicting the outcomes of the planned surgical intervention and the inability to anticipate the results of emergency surgery.

After anti-Helicobacter therapy 55 patients with duodenal ulcer and clinical signs of intestinal dysbacteriosis were under observation. We examined microbe spectrum of intestine before and after treatment by Colibacterin and Biofl orum. And the effectiveness of these medicines have compared. As a result of therapy by Colibacterin and Bioflorum, the reduction of clinical and microbiological signs of intestinal dysbacteriosis in two groups are remarked. There was detected the effectiveness of Bioflorum by the period of reduction of clinical signs and recovery of large intestine’ microflora. So, we recommend Bioflorum in the complex therapy under the control of microbial spectrum to the patients with duodenal ulcer.

The article describes the historical factors that infl uenced the creation of qualifi ed medical personnel to provide high-tech medical care. Particular attention is paid to the modern state and ways of improvement of Russian medical education.

The article presents the results of years of research aimed at optimizing the diagnosis in the learning process and in clinical practice. The authors for the fi rst time in the literature have used the formula of Shannon–Hartley to determine the necessary and suffi cient number of signs of recognition of disease.