The article investigates the formation and development of a number of leading medical fi elds. It focuses on high-tech scientifi c education sectors and types of care for adult patients.

The article under review presents a brief biography of life and work of I.M.Sechenov, shows common destiny of many scientists — his contemporaries. The contribution of I.M.Sechenov in the world medical science and education is analyzed. It is noted that the fate of scientists, as well as of ordinary people, are very different. This was an outstanding Russian physiologist, psychologist, pathologist, histologist, toxicologist, cultural anthropologist, chemist, physicist, biochemist, evolutionist, military engineer, teacher, writer, humanist, philosopher and rationalist, creator of the physiological school; Honored ordinary professor, corresponding member of the Biological category (1869–1904), an honorary member (1904) of the Imperial Academy of Sciences;holder of the Orders of St. Stanislaus I degree, of St. Anne III degree, of St. Vladimir III degree.

In peritoneal cavity authors distinguish upper and lower stories, the vault (fornix) and the bottom (fundus). The upper storey is divided into four spaces: right and left parahepatic, pregastric and omental bursa. In the right and left parahepatic spaces we allocate suprahepatic and infrahepatic pouches. The lower (subcolic) storey of peritoneal cavity is subdivided into two parts: anterior, preomental fissure and posterior, retroomental space.

At November, 9 in 2013 was 170 years since the birth of the great russian anatomist D.N. Zernov, the professor of anatomy of the Moscow University. In 1869 D.N. Zernov headed the Department of anatomy of the Moscow University and directed it until 1900. In 1906–1914 years he was the dean of the medical faculty of the Moscow University. D.N. Zernov is known for his works on the anatomy of the central nervous system and as the author of the textbook ≪Guide of anatomy of nervous system≫ (in two volumes).

In patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) and those who suffer from second type diabetes mellitus micro vascular disorders was found. Diabetes is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular events. It might be due to micro vascular changes. We hypothesized that patients with CAD and CAD with diabetes mellitus (CAD DM) have differences in structural and functional condition of microcirculation. We studied 50 patients with CAD, 43 CAD DM patients and 34 healthy controls. Digital photoplethysmography, computer nail fold videocapillaroscopy at baseline, after postocclusive hyperemia and during venous congestion were performed. We evaluated functional (occlusion index (IO)) and structural disorders (refl ection index (RI,%) of arterioles. The structure of coetaneous capillaries by capillary density (CD, cap/mm2) was assessed. Capillary function was estimated by percent perused capillaries (pPC,%). CAD and CAD DM patients had structural and functional changes of microcirculation. RI, IO and pPC in CAD and CAD DM patients were significantly different from controls (p<0.05), but there was no difference between CAD and CAD DM groups (p>0.6). CD in CAD DM group was significantly lower than in CAD and control groups (p< 0.019). The results show a decrease of micro vascular function in both CAD and CAD DM patients. CAD DM patients have also structural changes in capillary level.

At the moment the problem of cardiovascular disease received much attention worldwide. Among other diseases of the cardiovascular system these occupy a special place, associated with a high risk of sudden cardiac death. This group of diseases (according to the statistics) occupies one of the top lines in leading causes of death in developed countries. This review displayes moments of etiology, diagnosis and treatment of certain diseases that can lead to sudden death in patients.

Radiological methods are usually applied for the diagnosis of tuberculous spondylitis. Any of the imaging techniques (radiography, CT and MRI) has its own possibilities and limitations in the detection of this disease. Objective was to clarify the possibility of using a multislice linear tomography (digital tomosynthesis) of the spine and an automated classifi ed system of experimental scientific association in physics science and technology (ACS ESAPST) in detecting bone destructive changes in tuberculous spondylitis. The correlation was carried out between X-ray techniques (computed tomography and tomosynthesis and data obtained during treatment with ACS ESAPST. Tomosynthesis also allows to obtain a highly informative digital X-ray image and is almost comparable to CT for the detection of bone destructions in patients with tuberculous spondylitis. Tomosynthesis can replace computed tomography in some cases and provides many of the tomographic benefits (simplicity, speed, a reduced radiation dose and cost) in comparison with CT. In addition to the main radiology techniques, we found that using an automated classified system of experimental scientific association in physics, science and technology (ACS ESAPST) may help to detect tuberculous changes in the osteo-articular system.. ACS ESAPST can be used in patients with suspected development of a specific process in the osteo-articular system. An integrated approach in the diagnosis of tuberculous spondylitican be useful for diagnosis of bone tuberculosis at an early stage of the disease. And timely examination of this group of patients may prevent the development of irreversible complications.

The paper presents a study of the self-regulation process of the functional systems of perception and reproduction of information in a calm state and psycho-emotional stress. The study was conducted with the participation of 183 medical students at the University of both sexes, aged 18–26 years (137 women, 46 men). 36 people were tested again during the pre-exam preparation. It has been established that the pre-examination under stress, in addition to the individual adjustment of the various functional systems of perception and reproduction of information, there is a single common (typical) mechanism for responding to stress.

Lambliosis is a widespread parasite of mammalian species, including humans. Lambliosis caused by the intestinal pritozoan parasite Lamblia intestinalis. Today eight major genetic groups have been identified, two of which are found in both human and animals. Lambliosis is zoonotic infection. The dogs, cats and beavers are take part in transmission of lambliosis. A participation of some hoofed animals in transmission infection are discussed. The factors of transmission are water, foods, especially milks products and everydays contacts. The sexually transmission infection is disсussed. Lambliosis coursed as asymptomatic, subclinical and with clinical symptomatics. The main clinical syndroms are painful, dyspeptic, asteno-neurotic and allergodermatological. The some atipic for lambliosis symptomes (ophthalmologic changes, growth retardation in children, a cause of hypokalemic myopathy in congenital immunodeficiency with lambliosis, severe systemic symptoms and marked hypereosinophilia, eosinophilic ascites and enterocolitis and others nospecifi c symptoms) are obsered. The metod of diagnosis, treatment and profi lactic is discussed.

This study reviews the case of difillobothriasis with a child of a young age living in Moscow and not travelling to endemic disease regions. In the clinical picture in addition to dyspeptic syndromethe psychogenic effect of parasiticinvasion leading to headaches, insomnia and fatigue was also noted. During the laboratory examination of the patient eosinophilia of blood drew the attention.The diagnosis was determined a month after the first complaints and clinical symptoms.

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The article describes the historical aspects of the teaching of epidemiology in the I.M. Sechenov First MSMU, summarizes the results of the activities of the department of epidemiology and evidence-based medicine in recent years; outlines prospective activities of the department and presents innovations in teaching epidemiology to students.

This article deals with the current theoretical and practical aspects of science and philosophy of education. The development of multi-level integrative processes suggests a new type of integration in the system of modern science. The newest areas of science development associated with the nano-, bio-, info-, cognitive (NBICS) science and technology give an example of convergent processes.

The article raises the general question of training and education in higher medical school. The shortcomings in the pedagogical process were critically reviewed.

This article reviews the recent literature on opportunities for reprogramming of macrophage phenotypes. Much attention is devoted to the stimulus, signal pathways and its effects as well as some regulational mechanisms.