The article discusses the history of military medical training in Russia and Western Europe in XVIII–XIX centuries. The leading trend in military medical training in all compared countries was the introduction of militarymedical disciplines: military field surgery, military hygiene and sanitation tactics. It was not until the 19th century when this trend prevailed in all of the compared countries. Though this trend had much in common in all of the compared countries there were certain national peculiarities in military medical training at the time.

The article discusses the marketing research and emergence aesthetic medicine market in Russia after the recent official recognition of Plastic Surgery specialty. One of the most popular aesthetic procedures is the mammoplasty. At the moment, this market is actively developing, reflecting the changes in patients’ demand and the optimization of the healthcare management. The article dwells upon the challenges of the private aesthetic surgery business and the ways to overcome them.

The formulary system is a drug supply management method promoting drugs with proved efficiency, safety and cost-effectiveness. It is a regulatory tool for effective, safe and economically feasible drug supply in the public health sector in many developed countries (the UK, the US and other) as well as in developing countries. The study objective is the analysis of the Formulary System in primary and secondary healthcare settings in 15 regions of the Republic of Kazakhstan in 2012–2014. The study involved a survey of healthcare institutions via e-mail with a unified questionnaire containing evaluation indicators. The collected data was aggregated in an Excel spreadsheet. The study findings showed the 3 year dynamics of the Formulary system in the Republic of Kazakhstan, though did not specify the causes of irrational drug use. Ключевые слова. Формулярная система, рациональное использование лекарственных средств, клиническая фармакология.

The article discusses the possible underlying mechanisms of magnetic storms ability to cause dissociation in the initial microbial populations and to alter the enzymes activity as well pathogenicity and resistance factors.

This article describes the historical background and contemporary issues of laryngology and phoniatrics in I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University. As well as the research into organic and functional pathology of larynx done at the Department.

The article presents the results of a comprehensive statistical evaluation of risk factors that contribute to the development of cholecystitis and cholelithiasis in the city of Kursk. The research includes methodology for the questionnaire and the accumulative form preparation and data analysis of 203 patients with these diseases undergoing in-patient treatment in the city of Kursk in 2002–2012. The article describes in detail this group including information on gender, age, disabilities, condition at admission and type of treatment. The article discusses data on patients’ profession, industrial hazards, satisfaction with the job and expenses. The article presents the results of correlation and regression analysis undertaken to assess the impact of risk factors (pernicious habits, stresses, social status, nutrition) on the severity of the patients’ condition at admission, duration and course of the disease, the kind of treatment and disability.

The problem of laryngeal papillomatosis remains unsolved for a long time in spite of a number of proposed treatment techniques. Frequent relapses, persistent hoarseness, repeated surgical intervention, all these call for new solutions. The article describes the findings of the study involving 50 patients of advanced age with laryngeal papillomatosis who were treated with a new method at I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University and leading clinics of the Moscow region.

Blood components and infusion solutions are widely used in kidney transplantations. The study involved infusion-transfusion therapy in 110 patients with kidney transplants divided into 5 research groups. The findings demonstrated the correlation between volume and type of infusion-transfusion therapy and the initial condition and the treatment method.

To assess the role of laparoscopic laser ovarian drilling in surgical management of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) in comparison to other surgical techniques. The study involved 60 women diagnosed with polycystic ovary syndrome (clinical symptoms of the disease, as well as pelvic ultrasound scans and serum hormone levels, were assessed before and after surgery). Depending on the type of surgery, all patients were divided into groups: group № 1 (30 patients) underwent laparoscopic laser ovarian drilling using holmium laser, group № 2 (30 patients) underwent laparoscopic ovarian cautery using needle electrode. Group № 1 patients showed significantly higher rate of ovulation recovery and reproductive success in the program of assisted reproductive technologies (ART) when compared to group № 2 patients. When timely referred to the ART program after surgery, PCOS patients have a significantly higher chance of success in attaining and maintaining pregnancy. Ключевые слова. Синдром поликистозных яичников, лазерный дриллинг, гольмиевый лазер, электронож.

The present study considers a care of a 42-year old female patient with a severe variant of rheumatoid arthritis and extra-articular manifestations. The debut clinical symptoms included polyarthritis, fever, and anemia. On selection of a basic therapy, intolerance (leucopenia, flu-like syndrome) and inefficiency of treatment regimen have been revealed. Administration of a genetically engineered biological drug resulted in the development of tuberculosis and the patient required a long break in the biotherapy for a specific treatment course. The use of anti-TNF agents is associated with an increased risk to tuberculosis and anti-TNF agents are stopped when active tuberculosis develops. However, discontinuation of treatment results in a flare of the underlying disease. The rituximab therapy was initiated because the clinicolaboratory activity was high. Due to the strategy “Treat to Target”, the patient reached improvement by classification criteria and clinical and laboratory remission. The use of high doses of glucocorticoids during the patient’s planning pregnancy led to the development of secondary osteoporosis with spontaneous fractures of pelvic bones and ribs, expressed progression of erosive process, deformations of small and large joints. Specific features of the course of disease with formation of a severe progressing form of rheumatoid arthritis and the conducted treatment were considered from the point of view of difficulty in the selection of therapy when rheumatologists had a limited arsenal of drugs. The risk of re-onset of tuberculosis infection mandates careful follow-up.

RETRACTED ARTICLE

Study objective – the effectiveness of clinical-based schemes of Albendazole anti-relapse chemotherapy. We studied the long-term results of surgical treatment of 709 patients with various forms of liver echinococcosis. Depending on the scheme of preventive treatment, the patients were divided into four groups. The fifth (control) group consisted of patients who did not receive anti-relapse chemotherapy with Albendazole. The recurrence frequency was evaluated by the survey 3–3,5 years after surgery. We found that Albendazole preventive treatment significantly reduces the relapse rate within 3–3,5 years after surgery. In the control group, relapse occurred in 42 cases (8,1%) (χ² =10,6; р=0,0012), compared to 2 relapse cases in the study groups (1,1%). Aparasitic and antiparasitic regimes are necessary but not sufficient to prevent recurrence. The isolated relapse cases in various Albendazole preventive treatment schemes demonstrated no clear advantage of any scheme.

The article reviews modern anti-obesity drugs to identify new trends in effective and safe risk factors reduction (diabetes, cardiovascular and musculoskeletal diseases, cancer). Some anti-obesity drugs have a high risk of adverse effects on the CNS and cardiovascular system, so they should be used for a short-term therapy only. These drugs are cannabinoid receptor antagonists (Rimonabant), neuronal NE and 5-HT reuptake inhibitors (Sibutramine), neuronal NE, 5-HT, DA reuptake inhibitor (Tesofensine), 5HT2с receptors agonist (Lorcaserin) and other drugs affecting the central and peripheral mediator systems. That is why the treatment of obesity should focus on safe drugs that affected fat absorption (Orlistat), activated energy metabolism (Adipokines), methionine aminopeptidase 2 (MetAP2) inhibitors (Beloranib) etc. The combination of anti-obesity drugs with various mechanisms of action increases the effectiveness and reduces adverse effects (Contrave®, Empatic™, Qsymia etс).